作为实践反思范式的价值哲学——兼论历史唯物主义对休谟问题的破解

Value Philosophy as a Paradigm of Practical Reflection--On the Solution of Hume's Problem by Historical Materialism

休谟通过价值命题对理性主义进行了反思与批判,将价值等同于情感并以“恒常结合”取代了理性认知逻辑,然而休谟将人视为孤立的认知个体导致并未很好地解决事实与价值的关系问题。历史唯物主义将休谟的“价值”指认为源于社会实践的价值观,将人类认知范式理解为对象化实践中不断被改造的思维,将历史唯物主义视阈下的价值指认为事实与价值观在实践中对立统一的动态关系,对休谟进行了彻底的驳斥并开辟了历史唯物主义的价值哲学,这一理论体系展现出开放性的核心特征,表征为坚持价值观的多样性、认知范式的发展性、实践的能动性。

Hume reflected and criticized rationalism through the value proposition,equating value with emotion and replacing rational cognitive logic with“constant combination”.However,Hume did not solve the problem of the relationship between fact and value well because he regarded man as an isolated cognitive individual.Historical materialism regards Hume's“value”as the value derived from social practice,understands human cognitive paradigm as the thinking constantly transformed in objectified practice,and values from the perspective of historical materialism refers to the dynamic relationship of the unity of opposites between facts and values in practice,which completely refutes Hume and opens up the value philosophy of historical materialism.This theoretical system shows the core characteristics of openness,which is characterized by the diversity of values,the development of cognitive paradigms,and the initiative of practice.