社会教育与民众抗战:战时教育部第一社会教育工作团在鄂湘桂黔活动述论

Discussion on the Activities of the First Social Education Working Group of the Ministry of Education in Hubei,Hunan,Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces During the War

1938年4月至1941年12月期间,在鄂湘桂黔四省工作区域,先后以董渭川、许公鉴、刘绍桢为团长的教育部第一社会教育工作团,是为救济战区退出的社会教育工作人员并开展抗战宣传和社会教育活动的一个战时社教工作组织。该工作团初期120余人,后期人员不断减少,不足70人,先后在四省的30多个县市,举办电化教育、话剧公演、壁报与画报张贴、民众补习教育、伤兵教育与难民教育、地方教育辅导、民众书报阅览服务等社教活动。其施教活动,受教民众数量巨大,成绩十分突出。它不仅为普通民众提供了难得的受教、享受现代娱乐的机会,而且在培养民众民族意识与国家观念、树立民众抗敌意识与抗战必胜信念、促进地方教育发展与提高民众教育文化水准等方面,均做出了不可忽视的贡献。

From April 1938 to December 1941,the First Social Education Work Group of the Ministry of Education,headed by Dong Weichuan,Xu Gongjian and Liu Shaozhen,was a wartime social education work organization designed to provide relief to social education workers who had left the war zone and to carry out propaganda and social education activities during the Anti-Japanese War in the work areas of Hubei,Hunan,Guangxi and Guizhou provinces.There were about 120 people in the working group at the beginning.Then,the number of people continued to decrease to less than 70 people.It successively held audio-visual education,drama performances,posters and pictorials,public supplementary education,education for wounded soldiers and refugee education in more than 30 counties and cities in the four provinces,local education counseling,public reading services and other social education activities.Its teaching activities are diversified,the number of educated people is huge,and the achievements are very outstanding.It not only provides ordinary people with rare opportunities to receive education and enjoy modern entertainment,but also cultivates people's national consciousness and national concept,establishes people's awareness of resisting the enemy and belief in the victory of the War of Resistance,promotes the development of local education,and improves the education and culture of the people.Both have made significant contributions.