锂金属电池三维集流体设计研究进展

Progress of 3D current collector design in lithium metal batteries

锂金属因其高理论容量,在能量储存领域极具潜力。然而,锂金属电池中锂金属不均匀沉积产生的锂枝晶,可能导致电池短路并引发安全问题,限制了其目前的实际应用。三维集流体因具有高比表面积和大量亲锂位点,通过动力学原理控制锂金属沉积,从而降低局部电流密度,提高锂离子传输速度和金属成核速率。从锂金属电池中金属基、碳基、复合材料三维集流体及其改性等方面,综述了近年来锂金属电池三维集流体领域的最新研究进展,并对领域内需要解决的问题和未来发展方向进行了展望。

Lithium metal has a great potential in the field of energy storage due to its high theoretical capacity.However,the lithium dendrites caused by the uneven deposition of lithium metal in lithium metal batteries,may cause battery short circuits and restrict their current practical application.Three-dimensional current collector,due to their high specific surface area and abundant lithiophilic sites,can control lithium metal deposition through kinetic principles,thereby reducing local current density and improving lithium ion transfer rate and metal nucleation rate.In this paper,the research progress of 3D current collector in lithium metal batteries including metal,carbon,composites and the modification of 3D current collector in recent years were reviewed,and some issues needed to be solved and future developments in the field were also discussed.