外泌体作为载体在中枢神经系统疾病中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes as carriers in central nervous system diseases

中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病的治疗面临着复杂的生物学机制和血脑屏障(BBB)的双重挑战,近年来,外泌体——一种直径30-150 nm的小囊泡,作为细胞外囊泡(EVs)的一个关键组成部分,因其独特的生物学特性,在CNS疾病治疗领域显示出极大的潜力。外泌体具有穿越BBB的能力,能够作为潜在的药物递送系统,为CNS疾病治疗提供了新的策略。本综述旨在探讨外泌体的生物学特性、作为治疗载体的优势以及其主要的装载方法。此外,本文还介绍外泌体在CNS疾病治疗中的应用进展,展望其作为一种安全且有效的治疗手段在未来的潜力。

The treatment of central nervous system(CNS)disorders is significantly challenged by their complex biological mechanisms and the presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Recently,exosomes,small vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30-150 nm and a key component of extracellular vesicles(EVs),have shown tremendous potential in the treatment of CNS disorders due to their unique biological properties.Capable of crossing the BBB,exosomes offers a potential drug delivery system that provides new strategies for the treatment of CNS diseases.This review aims to explore the biological characteristics of exosomes as therapeutic carriers,and their primary loading methods.Moreover,this article will detail the progress in the application of exosomes in the treatment of CNS disorders,looking forward to their future potential as a safe and effective treatment option.