美食美器——清代宫廷饮食器具述论

Delicious food and beautiful utensils:on the court eating utensils in Qing dynasty

清代作为中国最后一个专制王朝,其宫廷饮食器具在承继中国历代宫廷精致奢华的基础上也有一些自身特点。清代宫廷拥有造办处、御窑厂、江南三织造等御用器物制作机构,保证了其饮食器具的精美奢华。清宫的饮食器具材质上乘、工艺精湛、装饰精美,代表着清代饮食器具的最高水平。清宫的饮食器具不仅继承了中国传统宫廷饮食文化的精华,还融合了清代统治区域内不同民族、不同文化的饮食器具的精髓。同时,清宫饮食器具又是宫廷典制和宫廷礼仪在饮食文化上的反映,严苛的等级差异和礼制要求使得精美的宫廷饮食器具带有部分“礼器”的性质。

As the last autocratic dynasty in China,the court utensils of Qing dynasty also had some char-acteristics on the basis of inheriting the exquisite luxury of imperial court of successive Chinese dynasties.In the Qing dynasty,the court had the imperial utensils making institutions such as the manufacturing office,imperial kiln factory and Three Imerial Texile Manufactories of Jiangnan,which ensured the exquisite luxury of its eating utensils.The court eating utensils in Qing dynasty are of high quality,exquisite workmanship and exquisite decoration,representing the highest level of eating utensils in Qing dynasty.The eating utensils in the Qing dynasty not only inherited the essence of the traditional palace dining culture in China,but also merged the essence of the eating utensils of different nationalities and cultures in the ruling area of the Qing dynasty.At the same time,the eating utensils in the Qing dynasty are the reflection of the court rules and eti-quette in the food culture.The strict grade difference and etiquette requirements make the exquisite eating utensils in the court have some“ritual”properties.