循证方法在技术伦理研究中的困境及其出路——以深部脑刺激技术伦理研究中临床证据的使用为例

The Dilemma and Solution of Evidence-based Method in Technical Ethics Research:Taking the Use of Clinical Evidence in Ethical Research of Deep Brain Stimulation Technology as an Example

以证据为基础的循证方法作为自然科学的经典方法,愈发频繁地被应用于当今技术伦理研究中。实验证据和临床证据等科学证据已成为技术伦理研究的重要论据和理论锚点。这些证据虽然在一定程度上可以帮助研究者剥离习惯思维、偏见和错误,但其在伦理研究中的使用也带来了诸多问题。科学证据标准忽视了主体性,忽视了科学证据与伦理研究在研究问题与价值取向之间的差异性。同时,科学证据解读难度大,且科学概念无法完全替代伦理概念。因此,循证方法在技术伦理研究中的使用尚存争议。针对以上问题,尝试重新建构循证方法在技术伦理研究中的使用路径,以增强循证方法在技术伦理学中的适用性和生命力,促进伦理学向好发展。

Evidence-based methods,as a classic method in natural sciences,are increasingly being applied in today’s research on technological ethics.Scientific evidence,such as experimental and clinical evidence,has become an important argument and theoretical anchor for technology ethics research.The evidence can to some extent help researchers to strip away habitual thinking,bias,and error,but its use in ethics also poses problems.The scientific evidence standard ignores subjectivity,and ignores the differences between scientific evidence and ethical research in terms of research questions and value orientations.Meanwhile,scientific evidence is difficult to interpret,and scientific concepts cannot fully replace ethical concepts.Therefore,the use of evidence-based methods in technical ethics research is still controversial.In response to the above issues,an attempt is made to reconstruct the usage path of evidence-based methods in technological ethics research,in order to enhance the applicability and vitality of evidence-based methods in technological ethics,and promote the positive development of ethics.