我国城乡中老年人戒烟情况及其影响因素

Smoking Cessation Situation and Influencing Factors Among Middle-aged and Elderly People in Urban and Rural Areas in China

目的:分析我国城乡中老年人的戒烟情况及影响因素,为科学开展控烟行动及健康教育提供依据。方法:利用2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查的数据,采用卡方检验和二分类logistic回归分析的方法对我国城乡中老年人的戒烟情况及影响因素进行分析。结果:共纳入7434例样本,城乡中老年人的戒烟率分别为37.8%、32.6%。在城市,年龄较大、高中及以上学历、在婚、吸烟强度高者戒烟的可能性更大;参加社交活动、自评健康状况较好者戒烟的可能性更小(P<0.05)。在农村,年龄较大、吸烟强度高者戒烟的可能性更大;居住在西部地区、参加社交活动、饮酒、自评健康状况较好者戒烟的可能性更小(P<0.05)。结论:城市中老年人的戒烟率高于农村中老年人的戒烟率。年龄、社交活动参与情况、饮酒、吸烟强度、自评健康状况与城市和农村中老年人的戒烟情况显著相关。此外,教育水平、婚姻状况与城市中老年人的戒烟情况显著相关,居住地区与农村中老年人的戒烟情况显著相关。在戒烟健康教育中应针对不同地区的发展特点和文化背景来制定控烟策略。

Objective:To analyze the smoking cessation situation and influencing factors among urban and rural middle-aged and elderly people in China,so as to provide a basis for scientific tobacco control actions and health education.Methods:Based on the data of the 2020 China health and retirement longitudinal survey,smoking cessation and influencing factors among middle-aged and elderly people in urban and rural areas of China were analyzed using chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 7434 samples were included.The smoking cessation rates of middle-aged and elderly people in urban and rural areas were 37.8%and 32.6%,respectively.In urban areas,those who were older,had a high school education or higher,were married,and smoked more intensively were more likely to quit,and those who participated in social activities and rated themselves as being in better health were less likely to quit(P<0.05).In rural areas,those who were older and had high smoking intensity were more likely to quit smoking,and those who lived in the western regions,participated in social activities,drank alcohol,and had better self-rated health were less likely to quit(P<0.05).Conclusion:The smoking cessation rate of urban middle-aged and elderly people was higher than that of rural middle-aged and elderly people.Age,social activities,alcohol consumption,smoking intensity,and self-rated health were significantly related to smoking cessation among middle-aged and elderly people in urban and rural areas.In addition,education level and marital status were significantly related to smoking cessation among urban middle-aged and elderly people,and areas of residence were significantly related to smoking cessation among rural middle-aged and elderly people.Health education should be tailored to the different developmental characteristics and cultural backgrounds of the areas to develop tobacco control strategies.