非法占用农用地罪“改变被占用土地用途”的刑法教义学认定

Legal Dogmatic Determination of“Changing the Use of the Occupied Land”in the Crime of Illegal Appropriation of Agricultural Land

保护农用地使用的合法权益对农业高质量发展具有重要意义。但对非法占用农用地罪的关键入罪要素——“改变被占用土地用途”的准确认定却还存在诸多争议,主要表现在土地性质的认定存在双重标准、“改变行为”的界定不清以及“非法占用”与“改变用途”之间的关系厘定不明。积极刑法观的提出对该罪的认定具有积极地指导作用。在积极刑法观理念下,应坚持生态法益原则,厘清“改变行为”的界限,明确“非法占用”与“改变用途”的关系,并坚持以规划地类为标准确定土地性质,准确认定本罪之“改变被占用土地用途”,以有效地预防农用地犯罪,为实现“美丽中国”的宏伟目标提供坚实的法治保障。

Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of agricultural land use is of great significance to the high-quality development of agriculture.However,there are still many disputes on the accurate determination of“changing the use of occupied land”,the incriminating element of the Crime of Illegal Appropriation Agricultural Land,which are mainly reflected in the existence of double standards in the identification of land nature,the unclear definition of“change of behavior”and the unclear relationship between“illegal occupation”and“change of use”.The positive view of criminal law has a positive guiding effect on the determination of the crime.In view of positive criminal law,we should adhere to the principle of ecological legal interests,clarify the boundary of“change of behavior”,identify the relationship between“illegal occupation”and“change of use”,and insist on determining the nature of land according to the standard of planning land type,and accurately identify the crime of“changing the use of occupied land”,so as to effectively prevent agricultural land crimes and provide a solid legal guarantee for the realization of the grand goal of“beautiful China”.