金代朝堂议事制度的历史变迁

Historical Changes in the Jin Dynasty's Council Deliberation System

金国建立前,女真部落联盟召开议事会对重大事项进行民主议事与决策。金初,极具金代民族特点的奴隶主贵族民主议事制度形成。入主中原后,金统治者借鉴辽代经验采取了“南北面官制”,勃极烈议事制度与封建官僚体系及奏事制度并行,形成了“二元化”朝堂议事体系。金熙宗废止勃极烈议事制度,朝堂奏事制度成为君臣议事的主要方式。金代朝堂议事制度的变迁主要是由国家与社会性质发展变化所决定的,并受制于不同时期的民族文化认同。

Before the establishment of the Jin Dynasty,the Jurchen tribal alliance convened councils to democratically discuss and decide on major issues.In the early Jin period,a unique democratic deliberation system of the slave-owning nobility,characteristic of the Jin nationality,was formed.After moving into the Central Plains,Jin rulers adopted the"South-North official system"based on the experience of the Liao Dynasty.The Bojilie deliberation system coexisted with the feudal bureaucratic system and the Zhoushi system,forming a dual council deliberation system.Emperor Xizong of Jin abolished the Bojilie deliberation system,making the Zhoushi system the primary method for imperial court deliberation between the emperor and his ministers.The changes in the Jin Dynasty's council deliberation system were primarily determined by the development and transformation of the nature of the state and society and were influenced by the cultural identities of different periods.