佛教寺院与书院“学修空间”的比较研究

Comparative study of the“Learn and practice Space”of Buddhist temples and scademies

中国传统文教类建筑的“学修空间”作为文化精神的载体,蕴含着丰富的文化内涵。文章以汉传佛教寺院与传统书院的“学修空间”为研究对象,利用类型图解、实地调研及文献分析等方法,对空间的组成、布局和组织进行对比分析。研究表明:在传统文化及教育背景的影响下,二者的学修空间呈现较大相似性,都是由讲学、藏书及居住自修三类空间组成,讲学与藏书空间位于建筑群的中轴线上,居住自修空间则居于两侧。因学修模式及社会责任的不同,在以人为本思想的指导下学修空间又表现出一定的差异性,寺院的学修空间在建筑群中占比较小,建筑类型复杂,位于寺院的中后部隐蔽的位置,以大雄宝殿为中心呈发散的形式布局;书院的学修空间在整体空间中占比较大,建筑类型精简,处于书院的核心位置,以讲堂为中心呈内聚的形式布局。研究内容对传统文教类建筑的保护与活化利用具有启示意义。

The“Learn and practice Space”of traditional Chinese cultural and educational architecture,as a carrier of cultural spirit,contains rich cultural connotations.This study takes the“Learn and practice Space”of Chinese Buddhist temples and traditional academies as the research object,and uses methods such as type diagrams,field research,and literature analysis to compare and analyze the composition,layout,and organization of the space.Research has shown that:Under the influence of traditional culture and educational background,the study and study spaces of the two show significant similarities,both consisting of three types of spaces:lecture,book collection,and residential self-study.The lecture and book collection spaces are located on the central axis of the building complex,while the residential self-study spaces are located on both sides.Due to the different learning and learning modes and social responsibilities,the learning and learning space under the guidance of the people-oriented thought also shows some differences.The learning and learning space of the temple occupies a relatively small proportion in the building group,and the building types are complex.It is located in the hidden position in the middle and rear of the temple,with the the Shakya ManiHall as the center,in a divergent form of layout;The study and study space of the academy occupies a relatively large proportion of the overall space,with a streamlined architectural type and located at the core of the academy,arranged in a cohesive form with the lecture hall as the center.The research content has enlightening significance for the protection and revitalization of traditional cultural and educational buildings.