爆炸恐怖袭击情景下地铁车站应急疏散模拟研究

Emergency evacuation simulation study of subway stations under terrorist raid scenarios

以X市C地铁车站为例,利用pathfinder软件对该车站遭受爆炸袭击时人员应急疏散进行仿真,研究发现:在发生爆炸袭击突发事件时,当爆炸发生于站台中部,疏散时间为191 s,全部乘客可以应急疏散至安全区域;袭击发生于站台层南部,可疏散楼梯为中部与北部楼梯时,疏散完成时间为242.78 s,表明该地铁站发生爆炸袭击事件时建筑结构的改变严重影响人员疏散;改变应急疏散人员数量,截面人流最大为1200人,疏散完成时间为231.78 s,说明人流量的增加会使应急疏散变得更加困难,但人流量的影响小于爆炸袭击对地铁站内建筑结构的改变;增加工作人员对乘客进行分区分流疏散引导后,疏散完成时间为161.78 s,疏散完成所需时间最少,说明地铁车站工作人员应急处置能力是保证应急疏散的重要因素。

Taking subway station C in city X as an example,this study utilized pathfinder software to simulate the emergency evacuation of personnel in the event of a bombing attack on the station.The research found that:in the event of a terrorist bombing incident,when the explosion occurs in the middle of the subway station platform,the evacuation time is 191 s,and all passengers can be evacuated to a safe area;When an attack occurs in the southern part of the subway station platform,and the available evacuation stairs are the central and northern stairs,the evacuation completion time is 242.78 s,indicating that changes in the architectural structure of the subway station significantly affect the evacuation of personnel during a bombing incident;Adjusting the number of people involved in the emergency evacuation,with a maximum cross-sectional flow of 1200 people,the evacuation completion time is 231.78 s.This indicates that an increase in the volume of people makes the emergency evacuation more challenging.However,the impact of the number of people is less significant than the changes to the subway station's architectural structure caused by the bombing attack;Increasing the number of staff members to guide passengers through zoned diversion and evacuation reduces the evacuation completion time to 161.78 s,which is the shortest time required for evacuation completion.This demonstrates that the emergency response capabilities of subway station staff are a crucial factor in ensuring the success of emergency evacuations.