针对氚防护聚合物基复合材料研究现状

Current Status of Research on Polymer MatrixComposites for Tritium Protection

传统阻氚防护材料通常采用陶瓷、玻璃、金属等材料,由于此类材料多为刚性材料,极大地限制了其应用场景。而高分子聚合物材料是由许多重复单元组成的长链状分子,这种长链结构让其链轴方向上具有柔性和可伸缩性,因此在众多领域都得到了广泛的应用。聚合物基阻气材料最有效的改进方法就是在材料基体中引入无机纳米粒子,延长气体在复合材料基体中的渗透路径从而提高复合材料的气体阻隔性能。根据气体渗透理论,添加的无机纳米粒子的形状以及在基体内部的分布情况都对复合材料的阻气性能有影响。当填料形状为二维片状时,其对气体在基体中渗透过程形成的阻碍更大,气体的渗透路径会更长更曲折,从而起到增强复合材料的气体阻隔性能的作用。而通常构建分布结构的方法有层层组装、旋涂法、静电纺丝法、静电力组装等。

Traditional tritium-resistant protective materials are usually made of ceramics,glass,metals,etc.,which greatly limit their application scenarios as such materials are mostly rigid.Polymer materials,on the other hand,are long chain-like molecules composed of many repeating units,and this long chain structure makes them flexible and stretchable in the direction of the chain axis,and thus they have been widely used in many fields.The most effective improvement of polymer-based gas barrier materials is the introduction of inorganic nanoparticles into the material matrix to extend the permeation path of gases in the composite matrix thereby improving the gas barrier properties of the composites.According to the gas permeation theory,the shape of the added inorganic nanoparticles and their distribution inside the matrix have an effect on the gas barrier performance of the composite material.When the shape of the filler is a two-dimensional sheet,it forms a greater obstacle to the gas permeation process in the matrix,and the permeation path of the gas will be longer and more zigzagging,thus playing the role of enhancing the gas barrier performance of the composite material.And the usual methods to build the distribution structure are layer-by-layer assembly,spin-coating method,electrostatic spinning method,electrostatic force assembly and so on.