云南古茶园茶树土壤菌群对营养元素的循环响应

The Response of Soil Microbial Communities of Tea Trees in Yunnan Ancient Tea Gardens to Nutrient Cycling

为研究茶叶生长的土壤表层不同深度的营养元素循环与土壤细菌之间的相互作用,本文以云南省临沧市大寨古茶园为研究对象,采集了岩石、土壤和茶叶样品。土壤细菌群落及营养元素含量用Illumina高通量测序技术和ICP-AES地球化学分析方法测量。结果表明,(1)云南古茶园表层土壤中,P、K、Ca、Mg、Na相对于背景值较为匮乏。土壤营养元素的迁移富集能力排序为K>Fe>Mn>Mg>P>Ca>S>Cu>Na,其中K、Fe的迁移富集系数大于1;茶叶生物富集系数的排序为Ca>P>Mn>K>Na>Cu>Mg>S>Al>Fe,其中Ca、P、Mn、K的系数大于1,表明其会在茶叶中积累,且随土壤深度增加而递增;(2)D1~D6深度土壤中均以酸杆菌门、变形菌门及绿弯菌门为主要优势类群。蛋白菌、浮霉菌门及放线菌门的相对丰度会随土壤深度增加而减少;硝化螺旋菌门则会随土壤深度增加而增加;(3)K、Fe、Cu、Na、P、Mn、S在风化成土阶段与土壤菌群之间的正反馈作用可以促进茶叶生长,而在茶叶生长阶段表现出的负相关关系则与茶树生长的新陈代谢过程有关。

To research the interaction between nutrient cycling and soil bacteria in the growth of tea at different depths of soil surface,rock,soil,and tea samples are collected from Dazhai Ancient Tea Garden in Lincang City,Yunnan Province.The soil bacterial community and nutrient elements content are measured by using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and ICPAES geochemical analysis method.The results indicate that firstly P,K,Ca,Mg,and Na in the surface soil of Yunnan ancient tea gardens are relatively lacking compared to the background values.The order of migration and enrichment ability of soil nutrients is K>Fe>Mn>Mg>P>Ca>S>Cu>Na,where the migration and enrichment coefficients of K and Fe are greater than 1.The ranking of the bioaccumulation coefficients of tea is Ca>P>Mn>K>Na>Cu>Mg>S>Al>Fe.The coefficients of Ca,P,Mn,and K are greater than 1,indicating their accumulation in tea and increasing with soil depth.Secondly,the dominant groups in D1-D6 deep soil are Acidobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Chlorobacteria.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Pseudomonas,and Actinobacteria decreases with increasing soil depth,while the relative abundance of phylum Nitrospira increases with soil depth.Thirdly,the positive feedback effect between K,Fe,Cu,Na,P,Mn,and S during the weathering stage and soil microbial community promotes the growth of tea,while the negative correlation of them shown during the tea growth stage is related to the metabolic process of tea tree growth.