松花江百里生态长廊生境网络构建研究

Research on the construction of ecological corridor habitat network in Songhua River

【目的】松花江百里生态长廊生态环境多样、生物资源丰富,研究其生境网络构建与分级,有助于提升区域内的生物多样性和生态健康稳定性。【方法】以松花江百里生态长廊为研究对象,首先识别区域生境类型,并基于InVEST分析评估区域内生境质量状况;其次,基于焦点物种的生境适宜性分析和电路理论识别生境源地、生境廊道和生境节点,并共同构成研究区域内的生境网络;最后基于电流密度划分源地和廊道的重要等级。【结果】(1)松花江百里生态长廊有23类生境,生境类型丰富,同时有44.31%的区域生境质量较高;(2)区域内共识别82个生境源地、147条生境廊道和57个生境节点,共同构成研究区域的生境网络。(3)根据电流密度划分等级,其中一级生境源地有7个,面积共484.82 km^(2),基本位于大型自然保护区内;一级生境廊道有14条,长度共7560 m,主要分布在松花江干流上,且廊道长度相对较短。【结论】松花江百里生态长廊总体生境状况较好,但仍需注意城市快速发展带来的生态威胁,做好发展与保护的协调工作,如:通过生境源地分级与扩充,保护并新增生境源地;通过生境廊道分级管控与疏通,保护提升廊道连通性;通过生境节点修复与新增,为生物迁徙提供“踏脚石”等,进一步优化生境网络。

【Objective】The hundred-mile ecological corridor of the Songhua River is a diverse environment with abundant biological resources.Studying the construction and classification of its habitat network is crucial for enhancing regional biodiversity and ecological stability.【Method】Using the Songhua River Ecological Corridor as a case study,we first identified regional habitat types and assessed habitat quality using the InVEST analysis.We then pinpointed habitat sources,habitat corridors,and habitat nodes based on habitat suitability analysis for focal species and circuit theory,forming a comprehensive habitat network.Lastly,we classified the importance levels of sources and corridors based on current density.【Result】(1)The corridor features 23 habitat types;44.31%of the areas are classified as having high habitat quality.(2)The habitat network consists of 82 sources,147 corridors and 57 nodes.(3)Analysis of current density revealed seven primary habitat sources covering 484.82 km^(2),primarily in large nature reserves,and 14 first-class habitat corridors totaling 7560 meters,mainly along the main stream of the Songhua River,though the corridors are relatively short.【Conclusion】The habitat conditions in the Songhua River ecological corridor are generally favorable.However,attention must be given to ecological threats posed by rapid urban development.Effective strategies include classifying and expanding habitat sources,managing and enhancing corridor connectivity,and restoring and adding habitat nodes.These measures will optimize the habitat network and facilitate biological migration,providing essential“Stepping stones.”