建设“社会湾区”:粤港澳大湾区社会政策协同的目标与路径

Building a“Social Greater Bay Area”:Goal and Path for Social Policy Coordination in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

粤港澳大湾区社会政策协同对赋能大湾区建设并实现大湾区高质量发展具有重要的支撑作用。由于两种社会制度、三种福利体制的系统性差异,粤港澳三地尽管在教育、养老、医疗、就业等社会政策领域展开了不少以服务港澳居民到粤港澳大湾区内地发展为重点的合作行动,但整体上社会政策协同的力度依然羸弱。基于此,本研究提出“社会湾区”概念,主张超越粤港澳三地社会政策的空间边界,树立跨境政策思维。要在协同治理的框架下,从共同动机、多主体参与和行动能力三个维度推进粤港澳三地社会政策的收敛,构建粤港澳大湾区社会政策共同体,最小化因流动而带来的居民社会权益损失,最大化跨境流动人员的福利保障。

Social policy coordination in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(hereinafter referred to as the GBA)is of great importance to support the construction and realize the high quality development of the GBA.Even though Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao have carried out many cooperative actions in the fields of education,elderly care,medical care,and employment,with a focus on serving the development of Hong Kong and Macao residents in the Mainland of the Greater Bay Area,the overall synergy of social policies is still weak because of the systemic differences between the two social systems and the three welfare systems.Therefore,the concept of“Social Greater Bay Area”is proposed,advocating for transcending the spatial boundaries of social policies of Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao,and establishing a cross-boundary policy mindset.Under the framework of collaborative governance,the convergence of social policies in Guangdong,Hong Kong,and Macao will be promoted from the common motivation,multi-subject participation and action ability,so as to build a community of social policies in the GBA,minimize the loss of social rights and interests of residents caused by mobility,and maximize the welfare protection of cross-border mobile personnel.