解磷生物肥对设施土壤养分及细菌群落结构的影响

Effects of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bio-Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Bacterial Community Structure

为了揭示解磷生物肥对设施土壤养分及细菌群落结构的影响,将解磷菌P623-9与腐熟鸡粪复配,制成解磷生物肥,盆栽试验以设施土壤作为研究对象,以北方温室广泛栽培的辣椒为试验材料,设置4个处理:CK:空白对照;SY:解磷生物肥3000 kg/hm^(2);Y:腐熟鸡粪3000 kg/hm^(2);S:解磷菌240 L/hm^(2)。采用传统统计学方法对土壤养分含量进行统计分析,结果表明,SY处理的土壤中AP、TN、MBC、MBN及MBP含量均增加,与其他处理相比呈现显著增加差异(P<0.05);采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序分析土壤细菌丰度、群落结构及差异特征,结果显示,门水平中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、绿弯菌门(Chlo-roflexi)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势菌门,SY处理的土壤样品中变形菌门、厚壁菌门和绿弯菌门细菌相对丰度较高;属水平中相对丰度较高的依次为芽胞杆菌(Bacillus)、节杆菌(Arthrobacter)、刺单胞菌(Sphingomonas)、链霉菌(Streptomyces)。SY处理的土壤中相对丰度较高为Arthrobacter(3.95%),与对照组相比丰度上升。Beijerinckiaceae与有效磷、全氮、微生物量磷、微生物量氮存在正相关,与总磷存在负相关;Nocardioidaceae与微生物氮存在显著正相关,但与全氮和有效磷的相关性较弱;Microscillaceae与全氮、微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物量磷等均存在正相关。由此得出结论,施用解磷生物肥能够显著提高土壤养分含量,增加有益菌群丰度和细菌菌群多样性。本研究揭示了施用解磷生物肥对设施土壤养分及细菌群落多样性的影响,为市场化应用和推广提供参考。

In order to reveal the effects of phosphorus solubilizing biological fertilizer on nutrients and bacterial community structure in facilities soil,phosphorus solubilizing bacteria P623-9 and decomposed chicken manure were combined to prepare the phosphorus solubilizing bio-fertilizer,the plant soil was used as the research object in the pot experiment.Using pepper as test material which is widely cultivated at greenhouses in the N China,four treatments were adopted:CK:blank control;SY:phosphorus solubilizing bio-fertilizer 3000 kg/hm^(2);Y:decomposed chicken manure 3000 kg/hm^(2);S:phosphorus solubilizing bacteria P623-9240 kg/hm^(2).Traditional statistical methods were used for statistical analysis of soil nutrient content.The results showed that the contents of AP,TN,MBC,MBN and MBP increased by SY treated soil,as compared with other treatments,the difference significantly increased(P<0.05);Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing was adopted to analyze the characters of community structure,abundance and differences of soil bacteria.The results showed that the Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi,Gemmatimonadetes,and Bacteroidetes were dominant at phylum level.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Chloromyces was higher than treated with SY;the relative higher abundance of Bacillus,Arthrobacter,Sphingomonas,and Streptomyces were higher at genus level.The relative abundance of Arthrobacter was increased to 3.95%abundance as compared with CK when treated by SY,Beijerinckiaceae has positive correlation with available phosphorus,total nitrogen,microbial phosphorus and microbial nitrogen,while it has negative correlation with total phosphorus;Nocardioidaceae has significantly positive correlation with microbial nitrogen,however,it has weak correlation with total nitrogen and available phosphorus;Microscillaceae has positive correlation with total nitrogen,microbio-content carbon,microbio-content nitrogen and microbio-content phosphorus.Therefrom a conclusion can be drawn that,the application of biological phosphorus fertilizer can significantly increased the soil nutrient content,and the abundance and diversity of beneficial microbial population.This study revealed that the effects of phosphorus solubilizing biological fertilizer on soil bacterial community structure,diversity and nutrients.This study provided a theoretical basis for marketization application and popularization.