口腔噬菌体的研究进展

Advances in Oral Bacteriophage Study

噬菌体是专门感染细菌的病毒,是人体口腔微生态的重要组成部分。口腔中有多种噬菌体,其在口腔微生物群落中与细菌相互作用、共同进化,在维持口腔微生态系统的稳定中具有重要作用,发掘噬菌体与细菌之间的作用关系有利于了解口腔微生物群落的变化因素,而且可以利用噬菌体调控口腔微生态,保持口腔健康。随着抗生素耐药菌株的不断出现,传统的抗生素疗法遇到了重大挑战,由于噬菌体具有特异性、无毒性、自我增殖性等优势,噬菌体疗法已成为目前控制微生物感染的研究热点,为龋病、牙周病和口腔念珠菌病等口腔感染性疾病提供了新的研究方向。本文综述了噬菌体的生物学特征、主要的口腔噬菌体的研究现状、噬菌体在口腔微生态中的作用,以及噬菌体疗法在控制口腔致病菌方面的潜在应用,为噬菌体的研究提供参考。

Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria and are an integral component of the human oral microbioecology.Multiple bacteriophage types reside in the oral cavity where they interact and coevolve with resident bacteria,playing an important role in maintaining oral microecological stability.Exploration of phage-bacteria functional relationship conducive to understand changing factors that influences oral microbial community.Moreover,bacteriophages can potentially be harnessed to manipulate the oral microbiome and maintain oral health.Nowadays,the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens presents a major challenge to conventional antibiotic therapies.Owing to their specificity,lack of toxicity,and capacity for self-propagation,phage-based approaches have become a research focus for controlling microbial infections,providing new research pathway for oral infectious diseases including dental caries,periodontitis,and oral candidiasis.This review summarizes biological features of phages and the status quo of bacteriophage study,the roles of phages in oral microbial ecology,as well as the pontential applications of phage therapy for controlling oral pathogens.