微生物检测技术在动物细菌性疫病诊断中的研究进展

Advances in Microbial Detection Techniques in Animal Bacterial Disease Diagnosis

动物细菌性疾病一直是困扰我国兽医临床和畜禽健康养殖的一大难题,细菌性疾病的传播能力及耐药性变异能力使临床用药举步维艰,而不合理用药导致的药物残留问题,不仅危害动物和人类健康,也给养殖户造成巨大经济损失。动物细菌性疫病的快速诊断是阻断细菌传播的先决条件之一,也是制定合理用药方案的基础。微生物检测方法是动物细菌性疫病快速诊断的主要技术手段。传统的微生物检测技术仍是现阶段的主流方法。然而,随着细菌不断变异,生存环境不断变化,传统方法不足以应对细菌变异多样、抗菌药物匮乏的当下。不断革新的微生物检测技术也随科技发展产生了许多满足临床需求的新兴技术,不仅可以快速诊断动物细菌性疾病,区分活死细菌数量,也能直观的反应细菌与药物的相互作用。本文从传统的检测手段到基于核酸、蛋白质、细菌光谱特性等更加快速、精确的检测技术进行了系统总结,同时也拓展并提出了宿主导向用药方案的临床微生物检测需求,对于微生物检测技术的综述为临床诊断动物细菌性疫病提供了方法,为兽医临床精准用药提供最佳方案。

Animal bacterial diseases have always been a great problem perplexing veterinary clinic and livestock and poultry breeding.The spread ability of bacterial diseases and resistance mutation capacity make clinical antibacterial drug difficult to take a step.In addition,drug residues caused by unreasonable prescription not only harm animal and human health,but also cause huge economic losses to livestock farmers.Rapid diagnosis of animal bacterial diseases is one of the prerequisites to prevent the spread of bacteria,also the basis of formulating rational drug use plan.Microbial detection is the main technique for rapid diagnosis of animal bacterial diseases.The traditional microbial detection technology is still the mainstream method at this stage.However,as bacteria continue to mutate and the living environment continues to change,traditional methods are not enough to deal instantly with the diversity of bacteria and the lack of antibacterial drugs.The continuous innovation of microbial detection technology has also produced many emerging technologies to meet clinical needs with the development of science and technology,which can not only rapidly diagnose animal bacterial diseases,distinguish the number of live and dead bacteria,but also intuitively reflect the interaction between bacteria and drugs.This review systematically summarized the traditional detection methods to more rapid and accurate detection techniques based on nucleic acid,protein,bacterial spectral characteristics,etc.At the same time,it also expanded and proposed the clinical microbial detection needs of host-oriented therapeutic regimen.The review of microbial detection technology in this paper provides methods for clinical diagnosis of animal bacterial diseases,and provides the best scheme for veterinary clinical precision medication.