球形万向惯性开关设计的关键变量分析

Analysis of the Key Variables in the Design of Spherical Universal Inertial Switches

目的深入探究万向惯性开关的动力学特性。方法推导相关数学模型,根据模型结构和运动状态计算出开关的匀加速度灵敏度,在此灵敏度的基础上施加过载,观察关键部件的尺寸公差以及弹簧的预压力设置对运动状态的影响,采用MATLAB和ADAMS等2种软件对比仿真。结果对运动结果起决定性作用的关键变量为大小弹簧的预压力。针对关键零件的公差带来的影响,由仿真和理论计算可知,轴向施加过载时,大弹簧、小弹簧的影响百分比分别为53.09%和18.32%,小球+杆、小球的影响百分比分别为10.39%和1.98%。弹簧的尺寸公差影响约为接电结构尺寸公差影响的5.11~9.25倍;垂直轴向施加过载时,大弹簧的影响百分比为0.81%,小球+杆为3.49%,倍数关系为4.31倍,但影响百分比均较小。结论大弹簧的公差影响最大,其次为小弹簧的公差,然后是球的尺寸公差,最后是杆的尺寸公差。依据模型结构,推导出球形万向惯性开关关键变量的普遍规律,支撑内部接电结构的部件所产生力学效应的影响效果最大,其次为接电结构的尺寸大小。

The work aims to deeply explore the dynamics of the universal inertial switches.The relevant mathematical model was deduced and the uniform acceleration sensitivity of the switch was calculated according to the model structure and the motion state.On the basis of the sensitivity,the overload was applied to observe the dimensional tolerance of key components and the effect of the prepressure setting of the spring on the motion state and the comparison simulation method of MATLAB and ADAMS was used.The key variable decisive for the outcome of the motion was the prepressure of the large and small springs.In view of the effect of the tolerance of key parts,according to the simulation and theoretical calculation,when the axial overload was applied,the effect percentage of large spring and small spring was 53.09% and 18.32%,respectively,and the effect percentage of small ball+rod and small ball was 10.39% and 1.98%,respectively.The effect of the size tolerance of the spring was about 5.11-9.25 times the effect of the size tolerance of the electrical structure.When the vertical axial overload was applied,the effect percentage of the large spring was 0.81% and that of the ball+rod was 3.49%,and the multiple relationship was 4.31 times,but the impact percentage was small.The tolerance of the large spring has the most effect,followed by the small spring,then the size tolerance of the ball,and finally the size tolerance of the rod.According to the model structure,the general rule of the key variables of the spherical universal inertial switch was deduced.The mechanical effect of the components supporting the internal electrical structure affects the most,followed by the size of the electrical structure.