农村籍大学生服务乡村意愿与影响因素分析

Analysis of the Willingness and Influencing Factors of Rural College Students to Serve Rural Areas

乡村振兴战略的持续推进,为大学生就业提供新机遇。农村籍大学生对农村有着特殊情感,鼓励农村籍大学生服务乡村,既有利于解决就业问题,又有利于乡村振兴。文章基于拓展的推拉理论认知,利用675份问卷数据,分析农村籍大学生服务乡村的意愿,检验服务乡村意愿的影响因素。研究发现:农村籍大学生服务乡村意愿较高,但返乡就业意愿较低;服务乡村的家庭支持程度较高,人才观认知偏理性。农村籍大学生对农村发展前景、生活成本等农村拉力因素,对城市就业压力的感知、乡村就业政策的了解程度等城市推力因素,都显著增强了其服务乡村的意愿;对城市的生活工作环境、工资待遇、工作体面程度的感知等城市拉力因素,对农村的工资待遇、生活工作环境、工作体面程度的感知等农村推力因素,都显著抑制了其服务乡村意愿的生成。人力资本和社会资本等个体因素对农村籍大学生服务乡村意愿的影响呈现差异性,中间阻碍因素城乡文化差异抑制了农村籍大学生服务乡村意愿的提升。结合研究结论,提出加强高校教育指导、加强思政课程建设等提升农村籍大学生服务乡村意愿的对策建议。

The rural revitalization strategy provides opportunities for college students to find employment in rural areas.Encouraging rural college students to serve the countryside is not only beneficial for solving employment problems but also for rural revitalization.Firstly,this paper uses questionnaire survey data,analyze the willingness of rural college students to serve rural areas,and empirically test the influencing factors of willingness to serve rural areas.Secondly,it has found that rural college students have significantly increased their willingness to serve rural areas due to factors such as rural development prospects,cost of living,perception of urban employment pressure,and understanding of rural employment policies;The perception of urban driving factors such as urban living and working environment,salary and benefits,work status and face,and the perception of rural driving factors such as rural work salary and benefits,living and working environment,work status and face,all significantly inhibit the generation of their willingness to serve rural areas.Thirdly,the impact of personal factors such as human capital and social capital on the willingness to serve rural areas shows differences,and the intermediate hindering factor,urban-rural cultural differences,inhibits the improvement of willingness to serve rural areas.Finally,it summarizes the conclusion and proposes suggestions.