住院老年共病患者肌少症现况、影响因素及对策

A survey of sarcopenia in hospitalised elderly patients with comorbidity and its factors and countermeasure

目的 调查住院老年共病患者肌少症现况,并分析其影响因素,为住院老年共病患者肌少症防治提供参考依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选择2020年1月—2023年3月本院385例住院老年共病患者作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表和电子病历系统收集患者相关资料,根据住院老年共病患者是否肌少症将其分为肌少症组和非肌少症组,并采用二元Logistic回归分析其肌少症的影响因素。结果 住院老年共病患者肌少症占比34.81%(134/385),其中男性肌少症占比53.73%(72/134),女性46.27%(62/134)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄(OR=1.106)、高衰弱评分(OR=2.827)、高Charlson共病指数(Charlson Comorbidity Index,CCI)(OR=1.507)是住院老年共病患者肌少症的危险因素(均P<0.05),高ADL评分(OR=0.961)、高体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)(OR=0.314)是其保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论 住院老年共病患者肌少症占比较高,医护人员应关注高龄、低BMI、低ADL评分、高衰弱评分、高CCI评分患者,并采取相应防治措施,以延缓住院老年共病患者肌少症的发生或发展。

Objective To investigate status,the influencing factors and nursing measures for sarcopenia in the elderly patients with comorbidity.Methods A total of 385 elderly patients with comorbidity hospitalised in our hospital from January 2020 to March 2023 were included as the research objects by convience sampling.General data questionnaire and electronic medical record system were used to collect relevant data.According to a presence or absence of sarcopenia the elderly comorbid patients were divided into a sarcopenia group and a control group.Logistic regression was used to analyse the influencing factors of sarcopenia in the elderly patients and the relevant nursing measures.Results It was found that a total of 134(34.81%)elderly comorbid inpatients had developed sarcopenia.where male was 53.73%,female was 46.27%.Logistic regression analysis indicated that old age(OR=1.106),high asthenia score(OR=2.827),high CC(I Charlson Comorbidity Index)score(OR=1.507),low BMI(OR=0.314)and low ADL(activity of daily life)were the factors of sarcopenia(all P<0.05).Conclusions This study has identified that the influencing factors of sarcopenia in hospitalised elderly patients with comorbidity were old age,low BMI,low ADL,high weakness score and high CCI.Medical staff should take appropriate measures that are pertinent to the influencing factors in order to reduce the occurrence of sarcopenia among the hospitalised elderly patients with comorbidity.