山东省青岛市疾病预防控制机构核酸检测实验室能力建设现状分析

Investigation and analysis on current situation of nucleic acid detection laboratory capacity building in Qingdao city disease control institution,Shandong provide

目的 调查分析青岛市疾病预防控制机构核酸检测实验室能力建设现状,为促进疾控事业可持续发展提供政策制定参考。方法 选择2022年青岛市区(市)疾病预防控制机构10家,对实验室检验检测人员、管理人员、信息化维护人员采取问卷调查、现场评估和人员访谈的方法,收集青岛市区(市)级疾病预防控制机构核酸检测实验室面积、人员配置、仪器设备配置、检测能力、实验室信息化建设等相关数据,并进行分析。结果 青岛市各疾病预防控制机构的功能实验室配置差距较大。各区(市)固定微生物实验室总面积6 686 m^(2),最大2 000 m^(2),最小160 m^(2)。生物安全二级实验室(普通型和加强型)30个,其中固定型定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)实验室14个,移动型PCR实验室(包括车载型、方舱型和气膜型)9个。共有核酸检测人员106名,平均服务常住人口为0.12人/万人。学历为本科及以上学历占91.5%;硕士及以上占11.3%,其中博士学历1人。职称为高级职称占12.3%,中级职称占16.0%,初级职称占60.4%,其中有5个区(市)无高级职称。性别构成为男女比例28∶78,其中1个区(市)全部为女性。年龄构成为30岁以下人员占55.7%。各区(市)均按新型冠状病毒肺炎核酸检测需求配置仪器设备,荧光定量PCR仪共120台,全自动核酸提取仪共66台;4个区(市)配备了20台分杯系统,2个区(市)配备了6台移液工作站和17台分杯系统。青岛区(市)只开展4种核酸检测项目,各区(市)均开展新型冠状病毒和诺如病毒核酸检测;有6个区(市)开展流感病毒核酸检测;有3个区(市)开展肠道病毒核酸检测。有8个区(市)具备实验室检测检验信息系统,对信息系统满意度调查,2家非常满意,5家基本满意,1家不满意;有6个区(市)疾病预防控制中心获得有效的山东省检验检测机构资质认定,均未获得山东省PCR实验室备案资质。结论 青岛市各级疾病预防控制机构的核酸检测能力建设尚不均衡,人员构成有待优化,自动化设备配备不足,信息系统建设尚待加强。

Objective To investigate and analyze the status of nucleic acid detection laboratory capacity building of disease control institutions in Qingdao district(city),so as to provide a reference for policy formulation to promote the sustainable development of CDC. Methods Questionnaire survey, on-site assessment and personnel interview were used to collect and analyze the data on the establishment of nucleic acid detection functional laboratory, nucleic acid detection personnel, nucleic acid detection equipment, nucleic acid detection capacity, laboratory information construction and qualification archival status of 10 disease control institutions selected from district(city) of Qingdao, and the data were analyzed. Results The total area of fixed microbiology laboratory in Qingdao district(city) disease control institution was 6 686 square meters, the highest was 2 000 square meters, the minimum was 160 square meters;Theve were 30 biosafety level Ⅱ laboratories cgeneral and enhaneds, incluching 14 fixed quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) laboratories and 9 wobik PCR laboratories(including vehicle-mourted, square-cabin and air-film models).There were 106 nucleic acid testing personnel, and the average service resident population was 0.12 people/10 000 people.The education level of the personnel was 91.5% with bachelor degree or above;11.3% with master degree or above, including 1 person with doctoral degree.In terms of professional titles, 12.3% of personnel had senior professional titles, 16.0% had intermediate professional titles, and 60.4% had junior professional titles.Among them, 5 districts(cities) had no employees with senior professional titles.The male to female ratio was 28:78,1 of the districts(cities) was entirely female, and 55.7% of the population was under the age of 30.All districts(cities) were equipped with instruments and equipment according to the demand for novel coronavirus pneumonia nucleic acid testing, with a total of 120 fluorescence PCR machines and 66 automatic nucleic acid extraction machines.There were 4 districts(cities) equipped with 20 cup dispensing systems, and 2 districts(cities) equipped with 6 pipetting workstations and 17 cup dispensing systems.The laboratories in Qingdao district(city) only carried out 4 types of nucleic acid testing programmes, and all districts(cities) carried out nucleic acid testing for novel coronavirus and norovirus, 6 districts(cities) carried out nucleic acid testing for influenza virus, and 3 districts(cities) carried out nucleic acid testing for enterovirus.Laboratory testing information systems were estabilshed in 8 districts(cities),the results of the satisfaction survey showed that 2 were satisfied with the information system, 5 were basically satisfied, and 1 was not satisfied.There were 6 districts(cities) disease prevention and control centre to obtain a valid qualification certification of Shandong province inspection and testing institutions, none of them have obtained the qualification of PCR laboratory filing in Shandong province. Conclusion The capacity building of nucleic acid testing at all levels of disease prevention and control institutions in Qingdao city is not yet balanced, the composition of personnel needs to be optimised, automated equipment is not sufficiently equipped, and the construction of information system needs to be strengthened.