人身安全保护令制度运行的实证考察与优化路径

Empirical Research and Optimization Path of the Writ of Habeas Corpus System

人身安全保护令制度为人格权禁令在家事领域的具体体现,呈现出“确权性”的非诉程序特征,为家庭暴力受害者提供了司法救济途径。基于对裁判文书的实证研究表明,相较于我国数量庞大的家事案件总量,人身安全保护令的应用范围较为有限,公众对其认知仍存在不少误区,且囿于立法层面在适用该程序上的规则缺失,导致司法机关在申请主体的审查、证据采信、法理释明方面做法不一,易造成裁判标准的非统一性。为了实现对家庭暴力受害者权益保障的最大化,应厘清人身安全保护令制度中的略式裁判要素,修正既有的“家庭本位”裁判理念,增设“临时保护令”规则,通过法官积极行使释明权、调查权,消解家暴受害人的理解误区;构建以保障被害人利益为核心的证据规则,推进公安机关为主要执行主体的执行体系,形成多机关协同执行机制,以实现该制度实践效果的最优化。

The writ of habeas corpus system is a specific embodiment of personality rights injunctions in the family domain,exhibiting a."rights-confirming"nonlitigation procedural feature,which provides a judicial remedy for victims of domestic violence.Based on empirical research on the judgment documents,this paper finds that compared with China's large amount of domestic trial cases,the scope of application of the writ of habeas corpus is relatively limited,and there are sti1llmany misunderstandings among the public.Moreover,the lack of legislative rules about this procedure has led to inconsistency regarding the plaintiff qualification,acceptance rules on evidence,and the judge's interpretation right in the judiciary's practice,which can easily cause non-uniformity in the judgment standards.To maximize the protection of rights of domestic violence,the summary judgment elements in the writ of habeas corpus system should be clarified,and the existing"family-oriented"judicial concept should be revised,introducing the temporary writ of habeas corpus injudicial procedures.This can be achieved by empowering judges to actively exercise their right to interpret and investigate,thereby dispelling misunderstandings of victims of domestic violence.Meanwhile,we can build evidence rules that center on the protection of the interests of victims of domestic violence,promote the public security organ as the main executive subject of the execution system,and establish a multi-organizational collaborative execution mechanism,thus maximizing the legal effect of the writ of habeas corpus system.