福建省2019年与2021年中学生烟草流行情况比较分析

Comparative analysis on prevalence of tobacco use in middle school students in Fujian Province in 2019 and 2021

目的了解2019年与2021年福建省中学生烟草流行情况及其变化,探讨中学生吸烟行为的影响因素,为控烟干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,福建省抽取10个监测县(市、区),2019年和2021年开展在校中学生的烟草流行调查,采用χ^(2)检验对比分析两次调查的烟草流行率,多因素logistic回归分析现在吸烟率的影响因素。结果2021年,福建省中学生现在吸烟率为2.9%,低于2019年水平(4.3%);尝试吸烟率(15.2%)高于2019年水平(13.4%);在家中、室内公共场所、室外公共场所、公共交通工具的二手烟暴露率为51.1%,低于2019年水平(62.8%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,2021年,职业学校学生、二手烟暴露、认为吸烟使人更有吸引力、认为吸烟使人社交更舒服、好朋友吸烟、校内看到老师吸烟是吸烟行为的危险因素,肯定地认为二手烟有害是现在吸烟的保护因素,肯定地认为吸烟难戒是尝试吸烟的保护因素。结论2021年福建省中学生吸烟率较2019年有所下降,但尝试吸烟率有所上升。应进一步加强无烟校园建设、烟草认知教育以及正面引导学生对吸烟行为的态度,保护青少年远离烟草。

Objective To understand the prevalence of tobacco use in middle school students in Fujian in 2019 and 2021,explore the influencing factors associated with tobacco use and provide data support for tobacco control intervention.Methods Two surveys were conducted in middle school students selected through multi-stage stratified clustering random sampling from 10 counties(districts)of Fujian in 2019 and 2021,and χ^(2) test was used to examine the differences in prevalence of tobacco use between two years,and multiple logistic regression analysis models were used to analyze the factors associated with the tobacco use.Results The current smoking rate was 2.9%in middle school students in Fujian in 2021,lower than that in 2019(4.3%).The rate of smoking attempt was higher in 2021(15.2%)than in 2019(13.4%).The rate of passive smoking exposure at home,indoor public place,outdoor public place and public transport in 2021(51.1%)was lower than in 2019(62.8%),the differences were significant(all P<0.001).In 2021,being vocational school student,passive smoking exposure,believing that smoking is an attractive behavior,believing that smoking is helpful for social contact and seeing other people smoking,including close friends and teachers,were positive associated with tobacco use.Students who believed that passive smoke is harmful and smoking is difficult to quit had lower current smoking rate and smoking attempt rate,respectively.Conclusions Although the current smoking rate declined in middle school students in Fujian,the smoking attempt rate increased.We should strengthen the establishment of smoke-free campus,health education about tobacco use control to protect adolescents from the harm of tobacco use.