中药复方治疗儿童多动症的研究进展

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound in Treatment of Hyperactivity Syndrome in Children

儿童多动症是以注意力分散、活动过度为主症的一种儿童常见病,或伴魂不守舍、情绪多变、言行激动、睡眠障碍等。现代医学治疗此病多用中枢神经兴奋药,如利他林与盐酸哌甲酯,不良反应发生率与复发率较高,缺乏安全有效的根治方法。而利用中药复方治疗儿童多动症具有疗效好、复发率低、安全性高的优势。基于此,本文总结近20年中药复方或中西医结合诊治多动症相关文献,梳理中药复方治疗儿童多动症的疗效,旨在为临床治疗提供参考依据。中医认为,本病辨证重在肝,病理因素为风、火、痰,治疗上重视调理肝、心、肾、脾四脏,兼以平肝息风,能明显降低患儿行为多动、注意力不足等多动症主要指标积分,疗效确切。但就目前而言,中药复方治疗也存在亟待改进之处,后续需要在统一疗效评价标准、加强随访数据、研发中成药等方面有所创新。

Hyperactivity syndrome in children is a common disease with distracted attention and excessive activity or accompanied by mind absence,changeable mood,excited words and deeds,sleep disorders,and so on.In modern medicine,central nervous stimulants such as ritalin and methylphenidate hydrochloride,are often used to treat this disease.The incidence of adverse reactions and recurrence rate are high,but there is a lack of safe and effective radical treatment.The traditional Chinese medicine compound has the advantages of good curative effect,low recurrence rate,and high safety in the treatment of hyperactivity syndrome in children.Therefore,this paper summarized the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of hyperactivity syndrome in children by traditional Chinese medicine compounds or integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the past two decades and combed the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in the treatment of hyperactivity syndrome in children,aiming to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the syndrome differentiation of this disease focuses on the liver,and the pathological factors are wind,fire,and phlegm.The treatment should attach importance to regulating the liver,heart,kidney,and spleen and calming the liver to stop the wind.As a result,it can significantly reduce the main index scores of hyperactivity syndrome in children such as hyperactivity and insufficient attention and has a definite curative effect.At present,there is also room for improvements in the treatment with traditional Chinese medicine compounds.It is necessary to innovate in the aspects of unifying the evaluation criteria of curative effect,strengthening the follow-up data,and developing Chinese patent medicine in the future.