不同温度烧制的生物炭对苹果连作土壤真菌群落结构的影响

Effects of Different Temperatures’Biochar on Soil Fungi Community Structure Under Apple Replantation

根皮苷类酚酸类物质是造成苹果连作障碍的重要因素之一。以废弃苹果枝条为原料,研究不同温度烧制的生物炭对根皮苷胁迫下平邑甜茶(苹果砧木)连作土盆栽幼苗土壤中真菌群落结构及其多样性的影响。试验设置8个处理,分别为:连作土(对照)、连作土壤中分别添加50 mg·kg^(-1)根皮苷、300℃生物炭、400℃生物炭、500℃生物炭、300℃生物炭+根皮苷、400℃生物炭+根皮苷、500℃生物炭+根皮苷,盆栽处理120 d后,运用高通量测序技术对土壤真菌群落结构进行分析。结果表明:添加生物炭可以促进根皮苷胁迫下平邑甜茶幼苗的生长,改变连作土壤的真菌群落结构,使土壤真菌操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OUT)特有数增加;通过PCo A分析以及UPGMA聚类分析得出,添加生物炭后土壤真菌的丰富度和多样性显著提高;生物炭对不同分类水平上的土壤真菌结构和功能产生了一定影响,土壤优势菌丰度变化较大。生物炭可通过改善土壤真菌群落结构缓解苹果连作障碍。

Phenolic acids,such as phlorizin,are one of the important factors that cause apple replant disease.In this study,the effects of biochar with different firing temperatures on the fungi community structure and diversity of apple(Malus hupehensis)replanted soil were studied by pot experiments of apple seedlings in replanted soil.There are eight treatments,which are replant soil(control),and addition of 300℃biochar,400℃biochar,500℃biochar,50 mg·kg^(-1)phlorizin,300℃biochar+phlorizin,400℃biochar+phlorizin,500℃biochar+phlorizin.After 120 days of pot experiment,the soil fungal communities were determined by high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that added biochar could improve the growth of apple seedlings under phlorizin stress,and change the fungal community structure of continuous cropping soil and increase the unique number of soil fungi OUT(operational taxonomic unit).PCoA analysis and UPGMA cluster analysis showed that soil fungal community structure and diversity with the addition of biochar were significantly different from the control soil.The addition of biochar had a certain impact on the structure and function of soil fungi at different species levels,making the abundance of dominant soil fungi change greatly.The addition of biochar had a certain effect on alleviating continuous cropping obstacles by improving the structure of fungal communities.