道德信仰的三种界定方式及其内涵

Three Definitions of Moral Belief and Their Connotation

目前国内学者对道德信仰主要存在三种界定方式,他们从不同的层面揭示了道德信仰的内涵。“对象式”的界定主要明确了“信仰什么”以及“为什么信仰”的问题。这一方式将终极善及其价值依据固定在特定的对象之中,从而确定了道德信仰的对象是道德终极价值及其实践展开形式。“结构式”的界定主要回应了“谁信仰”以及“信仰何以可能”的问题。这一界定方式通过阐明信仰的主体规定性与主客之间的实践关联性建立了道德信仰的体级结构,并揭示了道德信仰是一个由实践活动在主客之间建构的双向互动机制。“生成式”的界定强调了“信仰何以必要”的问题。这一界定方式从道德形而上的生成和建构中揭示道德信仰的四大特性,并将道德信仰的生成过程视为道德生命的成长过程。基于此,我们可以对道德信仰作出一个更加综合且完善的界定:道德信仰是道德主体对道德终极价值及其实践形式的坚信,并在实践关联中塑造道德生命的活动。

At present,there are three main ways for domestic scholars to de⁃fine moral belief,and they reveal the connotation of moral belief from differ⁃ent levels.The definition of"objectivism"mainly clarifies the questions of"what to believe in"and"why to believe in".This method fixes the ulti⁃mate goodness and its value basis in a specific object,thus determining that the object of moral belief is the ultimate moral value and its practi⁃cal development form.The definition of"structural formula"mainly responds to the questions of"who believes"and"why belief is possible".This defini⁃tion establishes the essential structure of moral belief by clarifying the subjec⁃tive stipulation of belief and the practical relevance between subject and ob⁃ject,revealing that moral belief is a two-way interaction mechanism construct⁃ed between subject and object through practical activities.The definition of"generative"emphasizes the question of"why belief is necessary".This defini⁃tion reveals four characteristics of moral belief from the generation and con⁃struction process of moral metaphysics,regarding it as a growth process in one's moral life.Based on this,we can make a more comprehensive and perfect definition of moral belief:moral belief is an activity where individu⁃als firmly believe in ultimate moral values along with their practical forms while shaping their own lives through practical connections.