2019—2023年深圳市流感样病例人呼吸道合胞病毒的流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus in influenza-like illness in Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2023

目的了解2019—2023年深圳市流感样病例中人呼吸道合胞病毒(HRSV)的流行特征。方法收集2019年3月至2023年12月深圳市2家国家级哨点医院采集的流感样病例呼吸道标本,使用实时荧光PCR法进行标本HRSV检测和分型;同时收集病例年龄、性别等信息进行流行特征分析。结果收集并检测流感样病例呼吸道样本共计9278份,HRSV总阳性率为4.77%(443/9278),2021年(8.48%,167/1970)HRSV阳性率显著高于2019(3.35%,52/1552)、2022(1.80%,39/2169)和2023(4.49%,133/2960)年,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=102.395,P<0.001)。HRSV的流行季节以夏季和初秋(9月)为主,2022年冬季存在HRSV阳性率异常升高;5岁以下儿童HRSV阳性率最高(9.84%,330/3355)。分型结果显示,2022年以HRSV-A流行为主(71.79%,28/39),2023年HRSV-A和HRSV-B共存。结论深圳市2019—2023年HRSV流行具有明显的季节性,以夏季和初秋流行为主;5岁以下儿童是HRSV感染的主要人群。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV)among cases presenting with influenza-like illness(ILI)in Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2023.Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from two national sentinel hospitals in Shenzhen from March 2019 to December 2023,specifically targeting cases of ILI.The real-time PCR method was used for the detection and genotyping of HRSV.Basic demographic information was collected and used for the epidemiological analysis.Results A total of 9278 respiratory specimens of influenza-like cases were collected and detected,with a total positive rate of 4.77%(443/9278)for HRSV.In 2021(8.48%,167/1970),the positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher than in 2019(3.35%,52/1552),2022(1.80%,39/2169),and 2023(4.49%,133/2960),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=102.395,P<0.001).The prevalence of HRSV was mainly in summer and early autumn(September),and there was an abnormal increase in the positive rate of HRSV in winter 2022.The highest positive rate of HRSV was in children under five years old(9.84%,330/335).The typing results showed that in 2022,the prevalence of HRSV-A was predominant(71.79%,28/39),and in 2023,HRSV-A and HRSV-B subtypes coexisted.Conclusions The prevalence of HRSV in Shenzhen from 2019 to 2023 has obvious seasonality,mainly in summer and early autumn.Children under five years old are the main population of HRSV infections.