人呼吸道合胞病毒检测方法的研究进展

Research progress on detection methods for human respiratory syncytial virus

各年龄段人群均可能感染HRSV,5岁以下儿童、老年人和免疫功能低下人群为主要高危人群。尽管年长的儿童和成年人感染后症状相对较轻,甚至无症状,但仍可能成为潜在的病毒传播者。因此,使用高效、精准、快速的检测方法及时发现传染源,迅速阻断传播,是遏制潜在疫情传播的重要手段。然而,HRSV感染的临床表现与其他呼吸道病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染难以区分,需要依据病原学检测结果进行鉴别。本文依据检测原理总结了4类HRSV常用检测方法:抗原检测、核酸检测、抗体检测和病毒分离,并对这四类方法的优缺点,原理和适用场景等进行分析与比较,对HRSV检测方法的研究进展进行了综述和展望。

Human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV)can infect individuals of all ages,with children under five years old,the elderly,and immunocompromised persons as the main high-risk groups.Although older children and adults often exhibit mild or no symptoms,they may still be potential carriers of the virus.Therefore,employing efficient,accurate,and rapid detection methods to timely identify infection sources and quickly halt transmission is an important means to curb the potential spread of the epidemic.However,the clinical manifestations of HRSV infection are difficult to distinguish from acute respiratory infections caused by other respiratory viruses,and the identification relies on the results of pathogen testing.This article summarizes four commonly used detection methods for HRSV based on detection principles:antigen detection,nucleic acid testing,antibody detection,and virus isolation.The advantages,disadvantages,principles,and applicable scenarios of these four methods are summarized and compared.Furthermore,the research progress and prospects of HRSV detection methods are reviewed.