山东省预防接种单位工作人员成人疫苗知识和态度及行为调查分析

Knowledge,attitude and practices of adult vaccine among the staff of vaccination units in Shandong Province

为了解山东省预防接种单位工作人员对流感、肺炎球菌、人乳头瘤病毒、带状疱疹、新型冠状病毒、乙肝等成人疫苗接种知识、态度、行为(KAP),于2022年8—9月,对山东省12县(市、区)797名成人预防接种单位工作人员进行了调查分析。结果显示,调查对象新型冠状病毒疫苗知识和态度总得分最高,M(Q_(1),Q_(3))为23(20,25)分和10(10,10)分,带状疱疹疫苗得分最低,分别为19(15,22)分和8(8,10)分。疫苗知识点"疫苗适用人群"得分最高,M(Q_(1),Q_(3))为26(23,30)分,"禁忌证/不良反应"及"不良反应处置"得分较低,总得分M(Q_(1),Q_(3))分别为24(20,29)分和24(20,28)分。89.71%调查对象2年内至少接种1种成人疫苗,53.58%接种者为自身内在认知驱动接种,认为"有必要接种",66.00%未接种任何成人疫苗的调查对象对接种必要性认知不足,认为"自己身体健康,没必要接种疫苗"。综上,山东省成人预防接种单位工作人员在疫苗方面对带状疱疹疫苗总体认知不足,在成人预防接种知识点方面,对"禁忌证/不良反应及处置"认知相对较差。

In order to understand the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of vaccination against influenza,pneumonia,human papillomavirus(HPV),herpes zoster(HZ),COVID-19,and hepatitis B among staff of vaccination units in Shandong Province,a sample survey was conducted among 797 staffs of adult vaccination units in 12 counties(cities and districts)of Shandong Province from August to September 2022.The results showed that the respondents had the highest total score of knowledge and attitude for the COVID-19 vaccine,with the M(Q_(1),Q_(3))of 23(20,25)and 10(10,10),respectively,and had the lowest score of knowledge and attitude for the herpes zoster vaccine,with the M(Q_(1),Q_(3))of 19(15,22)and 8(8,10),respectively.The vaccine-related knowledge point"vaccine applicable population"had the highest score,with the M(Q_(1),Q_(3))of 26(23,30).The"contraindications/adverse reactions"and"adverse reaction management"had the lowest score,with the M(Q_(1),Q_(3))of 24(20,29)and 24(20,28),respectively.About 89.71%of respondents received one adult vaccine within two years at least.The principal driver for vaccination of 53.58%of recipients was their understanding of vaccines,which was"it was necessary to receive the vaccine".About 66.00%of respondents who had not received any adult vaccine in the past two years had insufficient awareness of the necessity of vaccination and believed that they were in good health and did not need to receive it.In summary,the staff of adult vaccination units in Shandong Province have a poor understanding of the herpes zoster vaccine in terms of vaccines and a relatively poor understanding of"contraindications/adverse reaction and management"in adult vaccination knowledge points.