特殊健康状态儿童预防接种建议及随访情况分析

Analysis of vaccination recommendations and follow-up for children with special health status

目的分析特殊健康状态儿童的预防接种建议及随访情况。方法本研究为回顾性队列研究,连续选取2020年8月至2023年2月于北京儿童医院特殊健康状态儿童预防接种咨询门诊就诊并经评估后给予免疫规划建议的509例儿童,收集其一般资料、特殊健康状态情况、疫苗接种建议及实施情况、接种后疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)发生情况及结局,评估特殊健康状态儿童的预防接种情况及安全性。结果纳入分析的509例儿童中,特殊健康状态以心血管系统疾病最多(103例),其次是神经系统疾病(88例)和新生儿期问题(82例);经综合评估及多学科协作,建议可按程序接种/补种疫苗、可接种部分疫苗/暂缓接种部分疫苗、暂缓接种疫苗的儿童分别为399例(78.4%)、63例(12.4%)和47例(9.2%);实际接种疫苗儿童共449例(88.2%),出现AEFI者49例,其中45例为一般反应。结论多数特殊健康状态儿童可以接种疫苗,整体依从性及安全性较高,多学科协作的个体化免疫接种评估模式有助于特殊健康状态儿童免疫规划的完成。

Objective To analyze the vaccination recommendations and follow-up for children with special health status.Methods In this retrospective cohort study,509 children who attended the Consultation Clinic of Vaccination for Special Health Children in Beijing Children′s Hospital from August 2020 to February 2023 were selected,the children were given vaccination planning advice after the assessment.The clinical data were collected,including the general situation,special health conditions,vaccination recommendations and implementation status,occurrence and outcomes of suspected adverse events following immunization(AEFI)after vaccination.The vaccination situation and safety in these children were evaluated.Results Among the 509 children,the most common special health conditions were cardiovascular system diseases(103 cases),followed by neurological diseases(88 cases)and neonatal problems(82 cases).After comprehensive evaluation and multidisciplinary collaboration,399 children(78.4%)were recommended to receive vaccination/catch-up vaccination according to the immunization program,63 children(12.4%)were recommended to receive some vaccines but temporarily suspend others,and 47 children(9.2%)were recommended to temporarily suspend vaccination.A total of 449 children(88.2%)were actually vaccinated,AEFI occurred in 49 children and 45 cases were considered as general reactions.Conclusions The majority of children with special health status can be vaccinated,and the overall compliance and safety are high.The individualized immunization evaluation model of multidisciplinary collaboration is conducive to the completion of the immunization program of children with special health status.