动力和张力:社区体育活动促进随迁老人社会融入的案例研究

Motivation and Tension:A Case Study of Community Physical Activites Promoting Social Inclusion of Older Migration

城市化进程的加快,随迁老人的社会适应成为重要的现实议题和挑战。采用深度访谈法和参与式观察法,并结合自我民族志考察随迁老人社会融入情景,在山东省J市运用滚雪球方式选取随迁老人家庭中的15位老人进行深度访谈。在此基础上借助空间理论分析框架进行研究,发现社区体育活动促进随迁老人社会融入的动力在于:物理空间的跨界是社区体育活动促进融入的被动性动力;社会空间的流转构成了社区体育活动促进融入的主动性动力;精神空间的递达则提供了社区体育活动促进融入的混合性动力。但同时这种融入也面临着现实的张力:物理空间的碰撞带来了社区体育活动促进融入的客观性张力;社会空间的博弈是社区体育活动促进融入的主观性张力;而精神空间的打破是社区体育活动促进融入的自主性张力。建议积极构建和组织社区体育活动的参与网络和支持体系,以此为突破点打破已有城市制度划定的空间边界,模糊随迁老人在新空间所面临的社会、文化以及精神边界,缓解并消除适应理念和多维空间转换带来的现实张力,促进老年人文化、精神方面的社会融入和适应。

With the acceleration of urbanization,the social adaptation of the elderly has become a major issue and practical challenge to be solved urgently.In this study,in-depth interview method and participatory observation method are adopted,and"self as the method"is combined with self-ethnography to investigate the situation of social integration of the elderly living with them.In J City,Shandong Province,15 old people from the families of the elderly who migrated with them were selected by the snowball method for in-depth interviews.On this basis,with the help of the space theory analysis framework,it is found that the driving force of community sports to promote the social integration of the elderly with the relocation lies in:the cross-border physical space is the passive driving force of community sports to promote the integration;The circulation of social space constitutes the initiative power of community sports to promote integration.The delivery of spiritual space provides mixed motivation for community sports to promote integration.But at the same time,the promotion of community sports to the integration of"old people"also faces the realistic tension:the collision of physical space brings the objectivity tension of community sports to promote the integration;The game of social space is the subjective tension of community sports promotion.And the breaking of spiritual space is the autonomy tension of community sports to promote integration.It is suggested to actively construct and organize the participation network and support system of community sports,so as to break the spatial boundary delimited by the existing urban system,blur the social,cultural and spiritual boundary faced by the elderly in the new space,relieve and eliminate the realistic tension brought by the adaptation concept and the transformation of multi-dimensional space,and promote the cultural and spiritual integration and adaptation of the elderly.