中国对外直接投资促进经济高质量发展的空间溢出效应和机制

Spatial Spillover Effect and Mechanism of Outward Foreign Direct Investment Promoting High-quality Economic Development in China

对外直接投资(OFDI)作为资本在全球范围内流动的主要形式,对中国的经济发展和在全球价值链中地位的提升发挥了至关重要的作用。文章首先基于2003—2021年中国省际面板数据,构建了经济高质量发展评价指标体系,测度了省域经济高质量发展指数,分析经济高质量发展的演变特征;继而通过面板双固定模型和空间杜宾模型分析了OFDI对中国经济高质量发展的影响及其空间溢出效应,进一步探究了OFDI推动中国经济高质量发展的具体作用机制。研究发现:①中国经济高质量发展指数上升趋势明显,且基本呈现东高西低的空间分布格局;②OFDI对中国经济高质量发展具有正向影响,该结论在考虑一系列影响因素后依然成立;③OFDI不仅能驱动省域经济高质量发展,还存在显著的正向空间溢出效应,促进邻近省域的经济高质量发展;④OFDI可以通过促进产业结构升级、就业水平提升和资源优化配置推动经济高质量发展。

Outward Foreign Direct Investment(OFDI),as a primary form of global capital flow,plays a crucial role in China's economic development and promotion in the global value chain.Based on inter-provincial panel data of China from 2003 to 2021,this paper constructs an evaluation system of high-quality economic development,measures the index of provincial high-quality economic development,and demonstrates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of highquality economic development.It uses fixed effect model and spatial Durbin model to analyze the impact and spatial spillover effects of OFDI on China's high-quality economic development,and explores the mechanism of OFDI on China's high-quality economic development.The findings reveal that:1)The high-quality economic development index shows an obvious upward trend,and basically presents an uneven spatial distribution which is higher in the east of China than that in the west of China.2)OFDI has a positive impact on China's high-quality economic development,and this conclusion remains robust after considering a series of influencing factors.3)OFDI can not only drive high-quality economic development within the region,but also has significant positive spatial spillover effects to promote high-quality economic development in neighboring provinces.4)OFDI can promote high-quality economic development by promoting the upgrading of industrial structure industrial structure,the improvement of employment level,and the optimal allocation of resources.