夏季修剪强度对蓝莓生长结果及果实品质的影响初探

Effects of summer pruning on branch growth and fruit quality of blueberry

以避雨棚内3年生盆栽H5蓝莓为试材,分别于2022年6月10日、6月30日对一次枝、二次枝留长2~3芽超重短截,于7月20日对三次枝分别进行10、15、20、25、30 cm 5个短截处理,2023年2~6月调查5个处理枝的发枝与结果情况。结果表明,蓝莓三次枝留枝长度30 cm短截处理的单株坐果数、单株产量、果实所含的总糖、糖酸比、Vc含量、总花色苷量显著高于其他处理,总黄酮醇量显著高于对照处理;总酸、柠檬酸显著低于其他处理。三次枝留枝长度为15 cm短截处理的单枝发枝量最多,枝条长度、平均单果重、果实硬度最大。三次枝留枝长度为25 cm短截处理的单枝结果数、总酸、柠檬酸、奎尼酸含量最高。综合指标分析和主成分分析认为,以三次枝留枝长度为30 cm的短截处理对蓝莓枝条生长发育和果实品质的效果最佳。

The 3-year-old potted blueberry variety H5 was planted in a steel frame rain shel⁃ter.The primary and secondary branches were short cutted with 2~3 buds on June 10 and June 30,2022 respectively.On July 20,the third branches were short cutted with 5 kinds of retained branch length of 10,15,20,25 and 30 cm,respectively.The growth and development,fruiting and fruit quality of fourth branches under different treatments were studied.The results showed that the fruit number per plant,yield per plant of blueberry treated,the total sugar,sucrose,fructose,glucose,sugar-acid ratio,vitamin C and total anthocyanin content with 30 cm retained branch length of third branch were the highest,which were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The content of total flavonol was significantly higher than that of the control,and the total acid and citric acid were significantly lower than other treatments.The number of branches per branch,branch length,average fruit weight and fruit firmness of blueberry treated with 15 cm retained branch length of third branch were the highest.The number of fruit per branch and the content of total acid,citric acid and quinic acid of blueberry treated with 25 cm retained branch length of third branch were the highest.It is considered that the short cutting treatment with the length of 30 cm of the third branch has the best effect on the growth and development of blueberry branches and fruit quality.