推进城乡共同富裕:分配性努力抑或生产性努力

Promoting Common Prosperity Between Urban and Rural Areas:Distributive Endeavor or Productive Endeavor

城乡收入差距是中国收入不均等的重要表征。主流文献认为,通过生产性努力做大“蛋糕”和通过分配性努力分好“蛋糕”是缩小收入差距、实现共同富裕的两条关键路径。本文的理论分析表明,强调生产性努力,寻求产权及其收益上的共享,是实现共同富裕的重要线索和关键逻辑。实证分析发现:(1)城镇化能够显著缩小城乡收入差距,表明培育经济增长极、做大“蛋糕”所产生的涓滴效应强于极化效应;(2)表达地权管制的粮食种植和表达农业生产性服务的农机装备,分别对城乡收入差距产生正向和负向影响,说明以“保供给”所施加的产权限制不利于共同富裕,但通过分工深化可扭转不利局面;(3)生态环境改进能够显著降低城乡收入差距,说明保育并盘活生态资产可推进共同富裕。文章强调,促进共同富裕应遵循包容性发展逻辑,强化生产性努力的能动性。

The urban-rural income gap is an important indicator of income inequality in China.The mainstream literature believes that“making the pie bigger”through productive endeavor and“dividing the pie better”through distributive endeavor are the two key paths to narrow the income gap and achieve common prosperity.The theoretical analysis of the present study indicates that emphasizing productive endeavor and seeking the sharing of property rights and its benefits are methodically and logically important for achieving common prosperity.Accordingly,the empirical results perform that:(1)Urbanization can significantly narrow the urban-rural income gap,which indicates that the trickle-down effect of cultivating economic growth poles and expanding the economic pie is stronger than the polarization effect.(2)Grain planting,which expresses land ownership regulation,and agricultural machinery and equipment,which expresses agricultural producer service,have both positive and negative impacts on urban-rural income gap respectively.This indicates that property rights restrictions imposed by“supply guarantee”are not conducive to common prosperity,but the unfavorable situation can be reversed through deepening division of labor.(3)The improvement of ecological environment can significantly shorten the income gap between urban and rural areas,indicating that conservation and revitalization of ecological assets can promote common prosperity.Therefore,to promote common prosperity,it is supposed to follow the logic of inclusive development and strengthen the dynamic role of productive endeavor.