乌克兰危机背景下俄罗斯外交战略及其实施前景——以俄罗斯新外交政策构想的创新提法为视角

Russia's Diplomatic Strategy and Its Implementation Prospect in the Context of the Ukraine Crisis

2023年3月31日,俄罗斯发布新版《俄罗斯联邦外交政策构想》,以在乌克兰危机背景下确立本国的外交战略目标、指导其外交实践。该构想首次在官方文件中将俄罗斯定义为“文明型国家”;在措词上用“近邻外交”取代“独联体外交”;将欧亚大陆作为独立的外交区域方向,俄媒体称之为“俄罗斯联邦21世纪旗舰项目”。从上述三个创新提法可知,俄罗斯外交战略的目标在于联手“全球南方”挑战美国霸权,从而成为多极世界的重要一极,恢复其梦寐以求的大国地位。新版《俄罗斯联邦外交政策构想》发布以来,俄罗斯外交实践紧扣上述战略目标,出现一些新的气象。在乌克兰危机进一步延宕和国际战略格局加速演变的形势下,该构想目标的实现既不乏机遇,也面临挑战。

On March 31,2023,Russia issued a new version of the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation to establish its strategic objectives in diplomacy and guide its diplomatic practice in the context of the Ukraine crisis.For the first time,the Concept defines Russia as a “civilized state” in an official document;replaces the term of “diplomacy towards the Commonwealth of Independent States” with “diplomacy in the immediate neighborhood”;and takes Eurasia as an independent diplomatic direction,described by the Russian media as the “flagship project of the Russian Federation in the 21st century”.From the above three innovative proposals,it can be seen that the goal of Russia's diplomatic strategy is to join hands with the “Global South” to challenge the hegemony of the United States,so as to become an important pole in a multipolar world and restore its coveted status as a great power.Since the release of the new edition of the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation,Russia's diplomatic practice has closely aligned with the above strategic objectives with some new signs emerging.Under the situation of the Ukraine crisis further prolonging and the accelerated evolution of the international strategic landscape,the realization of the goal of this Concept is faced with both opportunities and challenges.