新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的预防与临床研究进展

Research progress on prevention and clinical application of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是新生儿死亡的重要原因之一,目前其发生机制尚未明确且缺乏有效的防治手段。随着医疗水平发展,NEC的发病率也随着早产儿救治存活率的提高而逐年上升,故找寻NEC的有效防治方法,对于提高新生儿尤其是早产儿的存活率、改善NEC患儿的远期预后具有重要意义。该文就目前NEC相关的预防及临床应用的研究进展展开综述,以期对NEC的临床防治提供一定帮助,并为NEC的进一步研究提供更多思路。目前已发现不少预防NEC的有益物质,例如促红细胞生成素,谷氨酰胺,维生素A、D,益生菌,母乳等,但其预防机制及临床应用仍需进一步探讨。未来研究方向可将更具潜力、更易获取以及更具有临床应用可行性的预防措施作为着力点,如应用二甲基䓬酰甘氨酸、羊水等。

Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is one of the important causes of neonatal death,the pathogenesis of NEC is still not unclear and there is a lack of effective prevention and treatment methods in clinic.With the development of medical level,the incidence of NEC has also increased year by year with the improvement of the survival rate of premature infants.Therefore,it is of great significance to find effective prevention and treatment methods for NEC to improve the survival rate of newborns,especially premature infants and improve the long-term prognosis of NEC children.This article reviews the current research progress on the prevention factors related to NEC and its clinical application,with the aim of providing some help for the clinical prevention and treatment of NEC,and inspiring new ideas for further research on NEC.At present,many factors have been found to prevent NEC,such as erythropoietin,Glutamine,vitamin A and D,probiotics,breast milk,etc,but its prevention mechanism and clinical application still need to be further explored.The future research direction can focus on prevention with more potential,easier access and more clinical feasibility,such as Dimethyloxaloglycine,amniotic fluid,etc.