不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合氢吗啡酮术后自控静脉镇痛对老年患者全膝关节置换术后抑郁的影响

Effect of different doses of esketamine combined with hydromorphone postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia on depression in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

目的探讨不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合氢吗啡酮术后患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)对老年患者全膝关节置换术后抑郁的影响。方法选择2023年7—9月择期全身麻醉联合收肌管阻滞下行全膝关节置换术的老年患者180例,男44例,女136例,年龄65~80岁,BMI 18.5~35.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为三组:对照组(C组)、艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg组(E1组)和艾司氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg组(E2组),每组60例。术后C组、E1组和E2组分别予氢吗啡酮0.2 mg/kg、艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg复合氢吗啡酮0.2 mg/kg和艾司氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg复合氢吗啡酮0.2 mg/kg行PCIA,三组均用生理盐水稀释至100 ml,参数设置:背景输注速率1.5 ml/h,单次按压1.5 ml,锁定时间15 min。若静息时VAS疼痛评分≥4分且患者按压PCIA泵镇痛效果不佳,则肌肉注射曲马多0.1 g补救镇痛。于术后1、3、7 d时行汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分,HAMD评分≥8分为存在抑郁状态;于术后1、3、7 d时行静息时VAS疼痛评分。记录术后7 d内抑郁例数、术后3 d内镇痛泵有效按压次数(D_(1))、总按压次数(D_(2))、D_(1)/D_(2)、补救镇痛例数以及头晕头痛、多梦、幻觉、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果术后3 d,C组共有21例(35%)发生抑郁,E1组有7例(12%),E2组有8例(13%);术后7 d,C组共有8例(13%)发生抑郁,E1组有1例(2%),E2组有2例(3%)。与C组比较,E1组术后3、7 d抑郁发生率、补救镇痛率明显降低,E2组术后3、7 d抑郁、术后3 d内头晕头痛、多梦发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。E1组和E2组术后1、3、7 d抑郁发生率、VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。结论艾司氯胺酮0.5、1.0 mg/kg用于老年患者全膝关节置换术后PCIA均可改善术后抑郁,艾司氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg可以降低术后头晕头痛、多梦发生率。

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of esketamine combined with hydromorphone postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)on depression in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods A total of 180 elderly patients,44 males and 136 females,aged 65-80 years,BMI 18.5-35.0 kg/m^(2),ASA physical statusⅡorⅢ,undergoing total knee arthroplasty(TKA)under elective general anesthesia combined with adductor block from July 2023 to September 2023.Patients were divided into three groups by random number table method:control group(group C),esketamine 0.5 mg/kg group(group E1),and esketamine 1.0 mg/kg group(group E2),60 patients in each group.After operation,groups C,E1 and E2 were given hydromorphone 0.2 mg/kg,esketamine 0.5 mg/kg combined with hydromorphone 0.2 mg/kg,and esketamine 1.0 mg/kg combined with hydromorphone 0.2 mg/kg to receive PCIA,respectively,and the three groups were diluted to 100 ml with normal saline.Parameters were set as follows.The background infusion rate was 1.5 ml/h,and the single press dose was 1.5 ml,and the locking time was 15 minutes.If the VAS pain score at rest was greater than or equal to 4 points and the analgesic effect of pressing the PCIA pump was not effective,then intramuscular injection of tramadol 0.1 g was used for remedial analgesia.Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)score was performed 1 day,3 and 7 days after surgery.Depressive state was classified as having HAMD score≥8 points.VAS pain scores at rest were performed 1 day,3 and 7 days after surgery.The number of depression within 7 days after surgery,the number of effective(D_(1))and total(D_(2))pump compressions and D_(1)/D_(2) within 3 days after surgery,the number of rescue analgesia,the occurrence of adverse reactions such as tramadol dosage,dizziness,headache,multiple dreams,hallucinations,nausea and vomiting were recorded.Results Twenty-one patients(35%)in group C experienced depression,7 patients(12%)in group E1,and 8 patients(13%)in group E2 during 3 days after surgery.Eight patients(13%)in group C experienced depression,1 patients(2%)in group E1,and 2 patients(3%)in group E2 during 7 days after surgery.Compared with group C,the incidence of depression 3 and 7 days after surgery,rescue analgesia rate in group E1 were significantly decreased,the incidence of depression 3 and 7 days after surgery,dizziness,headache,and dreaminess within 3 days after surgery in group E2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of depression and VAS pain scores between group E1 and group E2 at 1,3,and 7 days after surgery.Conclusion Esketamine 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg for PCIA in elderly patients after TKA can improve postoperative depression,while esketamine 1.0 mg/kg can reduce the incidence of postoperative dizziness,headache,and multiple dreams.