新型驱避配方的筛选及对白纹伊蚊室内驱避效果研究

Screening for a new mosquito repellent formula and its repellent effect against Aedes albopictus in laboratory

目的探索新型驱避成分不同浓度的实验室驱避药效,比较加入助剂的配方制剂与其他常用驱避剂成分对白纹伊蚊的室内驱避效果,为新型驱避剂的研发提供实验基础。方法采用《农药登记用卫生杀虫剂室内药效试验及评价第9部分:驱避剂》(GB/T 13917.9—2009)试验方法。利用Excel 2007软件进行数据录入,使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。采用重复测量多因素方差分析检验不同浓度新型驱避剂和乙醇对蚊虫的驱避时间是否存在差异;采用配对样本t检验对比乙醇配制的制剂与新型驱避剂的配方制剂间驱避时间差异;采用随机区组设计方差分析检验配方制剂与常用驱避剂对蚊虫的驱避时间差异。结果新型驱避成分对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果随浓度的升高而增强。新型驱避剂的浓度达到10%时驱避时间可达到4 h以上,浓度为20%时驱避时间可以达到6 h以上。5%浓度制剂[平均驱避时间为(2.62±0.83)h]的驱避效果低于12%、15%和20%等3组驱避剂浓度[平均驱避时间分别为(5.13±1.05)、(4.94±0.98)和(6.08±1.76)h,均P<0.05],其余各浓度驱避剂的驱避时间差异无统计学意义[10%浓度制剂的平均驱避时间为(4.91±1.17)h,均P>0.05]。15%乙醇制剂[平均驱避时间为(4.16±1.56)h]的驱避效果低于50%乙醇制剂[平均驱避时间为(5.22±1.53)h]的驱避效果(P<0.05),其余各浓度乙醇制剂的驱避时间差异无统计学意义[35%和75%乙醇制剂的平均驱避时间分别为(4.69±1.59)和(4.89±1.77)h,均P>0.05]。新型驱避成分与乙醇的交互效应不显著(F=0.849,P=0.601)。使用助剂能延长驱避时间,新型驱避剂配方制剂的驱避时间比12%终浓度的15%、35%、50%和75%乙醇制剂分别增长了55.25%、16.73%、11.89%和9.91%。配方制剂[驱避时间为(6.21±0.97)h]与常用驱避剂对比,驱避效果优于4.5%驱蚊酯[驱避时间为(2.89±0.83)h]和7%避蚊胺[驱避时间为(3.54±0.96)h],低于10%羟哌酯[驱避时间为(7.65±0.28)h],介于植物精油(含孟二醇)和15%避蚊胺之间[驱避时间分别为(5.45±0.75)和(6.94±1.41)h]。结论新型驱避成分的驱避剂活性得到实验室验证,有较好的应用前景。

Objective To explore the repellent effects of a new mosquito repellent at different concentrations in laboratory,and to compare the indoor repellent effects of formula with additives and other commonly used repellent components on Aedes albopictus,so as to provide an experimental basis for the development of new repellents.Methods The experimental methods were based on the Laboratory Efficacy Test Methods and Criterions of Public Health Insecticides for Pesticide Registration-Part 9:Repellent(GB/T 13917.9-2009).Excel 2007 software was used for data entry and SPSS 22.0 software for statistical analysis.Multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test the difference in the repellent time of the new repellent and ethanol at various concentrations.The paired samples t-test was used to compare the difference in the repellent time between ethanol solution and the new repellent formula.Random block design and analysis of variance were used to test the differences in the repellent time of the new repellent formula and commonly used repellents against mosquitoes.Results The repellent effect of the new repellent increased with increasing concentration.When the concentration of new repellent was 10%,the repellent time was more than 4 h,and when the concentration was 20%,the repellent time was more than 6 h.The repellent effect of 5%concentration[average repellent time(2.62±0.83)h]was lower than those of 12%,15%,and 20%concentrations[average repellent time(5.13±1.05),(4.94±0.98),and(6.08±1.76)h,all P<0.05].There was no significant difference in the repellent time of new repellent at other concentrations[average repellent time(4.91±1.17)h for 10%concentration,all P>0.05].The repellent effect of formula with 15%ethanol[average repellent time(4.16±1.56)h]was lower than that of the formula with 50%ethanol[average repellent time(5.22±1.53)h,P<0.05].There was no significant difference in the repellent time of formulas with other ethanol concentrations[average repellent time(4.69±1.59)h for 35%ethanol and(4.89±1.77)h for 75%ethanol,all P>0.05].The interaction effect between the new repellent and ethanol was not statistically significant(F=0.849,P=0.601).The repellent time of new repellent formula was increased by 55.25%,16.73%,11.89%,and 9.91%compared with that of 12%ethanol solution(prepared from 15%,35%,50%and 75%ethanol preparations).The repellent effect of new repellent formula[repellent time(6.21±0.97)h]was higher than those of 4.5%IR3535[repellent time(2.89±0.83)h]and 7%N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide[repellent time(3.54±0.96)h],lower than that of 10%picaridin[repellent time(7.65±0.28)h],and between those of plant essential oil containing p-menthane-3,8-diol[repellent time(5.45±0.75)h]and 15%N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide[repellent time(6.94±1.41)h].Conclusion The repellent activity of the new repellent has been verified in laboratory,and the new repellent has a good application prospect.