江西省南昌市2020和2023年白纹伊蚊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性监测

Insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province,2020 and 2023

目的了解南昌市登革热暴发疫情应急控制后白纹伊蚊对常用杀虫剂抗性现状,为科学指导用药和防控登革热疫情提供科学依据。方法2020、2023年在南昌市12个县(区)不同生境采集野外白纹伊蚊幼蚊,按每县(区)等数量混合饲养,饲养1~2代,取3龄末4龄初幼蚊和羽化后3~5 d的未吸血雌性成蚊分别进行抗药性测定,采用幼蚊浸渍法和成蚊接触筒法分别测定幼蚊和成蚊的抗药性。结果2020和2023年南昌市白纹伊蚊成蚊对有机磷类的杀螟硫磷、毒死蜱、马拉硫磷和氨基甲酸酯类的噁虫威、残杀威24 h死亡率波动在98.67%~100%,表现为敏感;对溴氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯24 h死亡率波动在52.00%~84.00%,呈可能抗性或抗性;而对高效氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯24 h死亡率仅为18.67%~70.67%,已产生抗性。幼蚊对残杀威抗性倍数为7.30~12.70,属低抗至中抗,对双硫磷抗性倍数高达24.60~40.20,属中抗至高抗。结论南昌市白纹伊蚊成蚊对氯菊酯等4种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生抗性,幼蚊已对双硫磷产生中至高度抗性,不同县(区)白纹伊蚊对同种杀虫剂的抗性程度存在差异,应根据抗药性监测结果科学合理使用杀虫剂,提高防制效果和延缓抗性发展。

Objective To investigate the current level and changing trend of resistance to commonly used insecticides in Aedes albopictus after emergency response to dengue fever outbreaks in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province,China,so as to provide a scientific basis for scientific insecticide use and dengue prevention and control.Methods Field Ae.albopictus larvae were collected from different habitats in 12 counties and districts of Nanchang in 2020 and 2023.They were mixed in equal quantities in each county or district and raised for 1-2 generations.The late third instars and early fourth instars and non-engorged female adults 3-5 days post eclosion were collected for insecticide resistance testing with the immersion test(for larvae)and the WHO tube test(for adults).Results The adult Ae.albopictus were sensitive to organophosphates(chlorpyrifos,fenitrothion,and malathion)and carbamates(propoxur and bendiocarb),with 24 h mortality rates of 98.67%-100%;likely resistant or resistant to pyrethroids deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin,with 24 h mortality rates of 52.00%-84.00%;and resistant to permethrin and beta-cypermethrin,with 24 h mortality rates of 18.67%-70.67%.The larvae exhibited low to moderate resistance to propoxur(resistance ratio:7.30-12.70)and moderate to high resistance to temephos(resistance ratio:24.60-40.20).Conclusions The adult mosquitoes of Ae.albopictus in Nanchang have developed resistance to four pyrethroids insecticides including permethrin,and the larvae have developed moderate to high resistance to temephos.The resistance levels of Ae.albopictus to the same insecticides vary in different counties and districts.Therefore,insecticides should be used scientifically and reasonably based on the results of insecticide resistance surveillance to improve control effectiveness and delay resistance development.