山东省淄博市2022-2023年小兽携带病原体检测结果分析

Analysis of detection results of pathogens carried by small mammals in Zibo,Shandong Province,China,2022-2023

目的了解山东省淄博市部分地区小兽种类分布及病原体携带情况。方法2022—2023年在淄博市临淄区和桓台县用鼠夹法和鼠笼法捕获小兽,通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测小兽组织标本中的汉坦病毒、大别班达病毒、钩端螺旋体、地方性斑疹伤寒立克次体、恙虫病东方体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体和巴尔通体,数据录入和分析采用Excel 2013和SPSS 24.0软件,检出率的比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果共捕获小兽439只,其中褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠和黑线姬鼠分别为294、23、61和57只,北社鼠和东方田鼠各1只以及鼩鼱类动物2只,占比分别为66.97%、5.24%、13.89%、12.98%、0.23%、0.23%和0.46%。病原体检测结果显示,439只小兽中携带病原体的动物共66只,携带率为15.03%,其中肺组织中汉坦病毒阳性18份,均为首尔型病毒(SEOV),阳性率为4.10%,肝、肾、脾组织中巴尔通体阳性53份,阳性率为12.07%。褐家鼠汉坦病毒携带率为6.12%,褐家鼠、小家鼠和黑线姬鼠中巴尔通体携带率分别为12.24%、4.35%和28.07%,巴尔通体在3种鼠中的携带率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.775,P=0.003)。汉坦病毒和巴尔通体仅在临淄区检出,汉坦病毒分布在金山镇和齐陵街道办2个乡镇(街道),巴尔通体全部分布在金山镇。汉坦病毒仅在农村居民区和重点行业2种生境中检出,携带率分别为4.00%和5.58%,巴尔通体在农村居民区、农田耕地、重点行业和高山植被4种生境中均有检出,且在4种生境中的携带率差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。结论淄博市内的啮齿动物存在汉坦病毒和巴尔通体的感染,应加强重点地区鼠传病原体检测及相关疾病监测,制定适合本地区的鼠源疾病防制对策。

Objective To investigate the distribution of small mammals species and their carrying status of pathogens in some areas of Zibo,Shandong Province,China.Methods From 2022 to 2023,small mammals were captured using the mouse trap method and rat cage method in Linzi District and Huantai County of Zibo City.Small mammals tissue samples were tested for Hantavirus,Dabie bandavirus,Leptospira,Rickettsia typhi,Orientia tsutsugamushi,Anaplasma phagocytophilum,and Bartonella using quantitative real-time PCR.The data were entered and analyzed using Excel 2013 and SPSS 24.0 softwares,and the detection rates were compared using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results A total of 439 small mammals were captured,including 294 Rattus norvegicus,23 Mus musculus,61 Rattus tanezumi,57 Apodemus agrarius,1 Niviventer confucianus,1 Alexandromys fortis,and 2 small mammals belonging to the genus Sorex,accounting for 66.97%,5.24%,13.89%,12.98%,0.23%,0.23%,and 0.46%,respectively.The pathogen test results showed that 66 of 439 rodents carried pathogens,with a positive rate of 15.03%.Specifically,18 lung tissue mixed samples tested positive for Hantavirus,all of which were subtypes of Seoul virus(SEOV),with a positive rate of 4.10%.Fifty-three liver,kidney,and spleen tissue mixed samples tested positive for Bartonella,with a positive rate of 12.07%.The positive rate of Hantavirus in R.norvegicus was 6.12%.The positive rates of Bartonella were significantly different between R.norvegicus,M.musculus,and A.agrarius(12.24%,4.35%,and 28.07%,respectively,χ^(2)=11.775,P=0.003).Hantavirus and Bartonella were only detected in Linzi District,while Hantavirus was distributed in Jinshan Town and Qiling Sub-district,and Bartonella was solely distributed in Jinshan Town.Hantavirus was detected in small mammals from only two habitats:rural residential areas and key industries,with positive rates of 4.00%and 5.58%,respectively.Bartonella was detected in four habitats:rural residential areas,farmland,key industries,and alpine vegetation.There were significant differences in positive rates of Bartonella between the four habitats(P=0.005).Conclusions Small mammals in Zibo are infected with Hantavirus and Bartonella.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of rodent-borne pathogens and related diseases in key areas and develop appropriate prevention and control strategies for corresponding areas.