海洋地球工程技术的国际法规制

International Legal Regulation of Marine Geoengineering Technology

海洋地球工程技术作为一项新兴的海洋科技,因其在海洋环境科学方面存在不确定性而备受国际社会的争议。从法律监管的角度看,《联合国海洋法公约》、《伦敦倾废公约》及其议定书、《生物多样性公约》等国际条约均在一定程度上对海洋地球工程技术起到规制作用。尽管如此,海洋地球工程技术仍对现行国际法律规范提出了诸项挑战。尤其是,国际法碎片化无法为海洋地球工程技术法律监管构建良好的治理范式,国际法律规范的内在局限性难以为海洋地球工程技术全球治理提供明确的法律指引,相关国际法律责任的认定及承担具有复杂性。对此,我们应秉持人类命运共同体理念,通过完善国际法律规范、重视非国家行为体的事务参与、执行预防性方法等方式,实现对海洋地球工程技术的有效治理。

Marine geoengineering technology,an emerging new marine science and technology,has been controversial in the international community because of its uncertainty in marine environmental science.From the perspective of legal super-vision,international treaties such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,the London Dumping Convention,and its Protocol,and the Convention on Biological Diversity all play a role in regulating the marine geoengineering technol-ogy to a certain extent.Nevertheless,marine geoengineering technologies still pose challenges to the existing international legal norms.Especially,the fragmentation of international law can not build a good governance paradigm for the legal regula-tion of marine geoengineering technologies,and the inherent limitations of interna-tional legal norms can not provide clear legal guidance for the global governance of marine geoengineering technologies,and the determination of the international le-gal responsibility and liability is complex.In this regard,we should uphold the con-cept of a community with a shared future for mankind,and effective governance of marine geoengineering technologies can be achieved by improving international le-gal norms,emphasizing the participation of non-state actors in matters and imple-menting the precautionary approach.