城市流动老年人口基本公共服务供给开放度研究——基于居住证制度视角的南京案例分析

Research on the openness of basic public service supply for urban floating elderly population:An empirical analysis of Nanjing from the perspective of Residence Permit System

流动老年人口所能享有的基本公共服务水平取决于其所在地政府对其开放的程度。基于居住证制度及相关老年人优待政策,构建流动老年人口基本公共服务供给开放度指标体系及测量模型,以南京市为样本地区,测量其流动老年人口基本公共服务供给开放程度。结果显示:地方面向流动老年人口的基本公共服务供给总体开放度并不高,不同类别基本公共服务供给开放度存在较大差异,如基本文化体育服务供给开放度为1,属于完全开放,而基本养老服务供给开放度仅为0.246,开放程度较低。流动老年人口对各类基本公共服务的利用率偏低,除制度政策的外在限制外,还缘于主观认知层面的局限。地方政府应根据流动老年人口的特征和需求有针对性地扩大服务开放领域,降低服务约束条件,关注并逐步放开具有排他性特征的基本公共服务项目,围绕加强服务宣传、提升服务认知等做好流动老年人口的服务保障工作。

The level of basic public services that mobile elderly population can enjoy depends on the degree of openness of the local government to them.Based on the residence permit system and its related elderly preferential policies,a basic public service supply openness index system and measurement model for the mobile elderly population are constructed.Taking Nanjing City as the sample area,the openness of basic public service supply for the mobile elderly population is measured.The results show that the supply of basic public services in the local area is not fully open to the floating elderly population,and the overall openness is not high,and there is still a distance from service equalization;There are significant differences in the openness of basic public service supply among different categories.For example,the openness of basic cultural and sports service supply is 1,which belongs to complete openness,while the openness of basic elderly care service supply is only 0.246,which is extremely low and not friendly to the residence of mobile elderly population in cities;The utilization rate of various basic public services by the floating elderly population is relatively low,which is not only limited by external institutional policies,but also by subjective cognitive limitations.Local governments should expand the scope of service openness and reduce service constraints in a targeted manner based on the characteristics and needs of the mobile elderly population.They should pay attention to and gradually open up basic public service projects with exclusive characteristics,and focus on strengthening service promotion and improving service awareness to ensure the service security of the mobile elderly population.