车前子的炮制历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用研究进展

Research progress on historical processing evolution,chemical constituents,and pharmacological effects of Plantaginis Semen

车前子为我国临床常用的传统中药材,具有清热利尿通淋、渗湿止泻、明目、祛痰的功效。车前子炮制历史悠久,早在汉代就有炒制的记载,其后出现了酒制、盐制、米泔水制等多种炮制方法,车前子炮制加工后可减弱药物寒性,利于临床应用。现代研究表明,车前子的主要化学成分有苯乙醇苷类、环烯醚萜类、多糖类、黄酮类等,具有利尿、抗炎、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化等药理作用。该文查阅历代本草、医药典籍和相关文献资料,从车前子的炮制历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用等方面进行论述,以期为车前子的相关研究提供参考。

Plantaginis Semen is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)commonly used in clinical practice in China,which has the effects of clearing heat,inducing diuresis for treating stranguria,draining dampness and relieving diarrhea,brightening eyes,and eliminating phlegm.Plantaginis Semen has a long history of processing.In the Han Dynasty,there were records of stir-frying,and then processing with wine,processing with salt water,processing with rice water,and other processing methods appeared.Plantaginis Semen after processing can weaken the cold nature of the drug,suitable for clinical application.Modern research has shown that the main chemical constituents of Plantaginis Semen are phenylethanol glycosides,cyclic enol ether terpenes,polysaccharides,and flavonoids,with diuretic,anti-inflammatory,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,antioxidant,and other pharmacological effects.This article reviewed the materia medica,medicine books,and related literature in various dynasties and analyzed the historical processing evolution,chemical constituents,and pharmacological effects of Plantaginis Semen,so as to provide a reference for the relevant research on Plantaginis Semen.