华东稻麦轮作区立旋自走电驱动式定角度清秸机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Vertical Rotating Self-propelled Fixed-angle Straw Cleaning Machine in East China Rice and Wheat Crop Rotation Area

传统卧旋式清秸装置动土量较大,且湿黏土壤抛起时易黏附在机器上,导致作业质量下降、油耗增加,影响装置作业稳定性,针对这一问题,设计一种立旋式定角度清秸机,通过结构设计与分析实现清秸刀齿恒定角度作业,避免秸秆二次带回种床,通过对清秸刀齿切土迹距分析确定装置关键结构参数,应用三因素三水平正交试验方法,以作业速度、迹距系数和入土深度为试验因素,清秸率和单位面积作业功耗为试验评价指标,对影响清秸机作业性能的相关参数进行试验与优化。试验结果表明,当参数组合为作业速度4~8 km/h、迹距系数2和入土深度10 mm时,清秸率不小于89.7%、单位面积作业功耗不大于1.84 W·h/m^(2),整个作业过程均未发生土壤黏附现象。研究结果可突破湿黏土壤环境下播种装备作业局限,为稻麦轮作全程机械化提供技术支撑。

The straw cleaning device plays a crucial role in advancing the adoption of mechanized conservation tillage technology.It is primarily categorized into horizontal and vertical rotary straw cleaning mechanisms.In the horizontal rotary configuration,the cutter shaft operates parallel to the seeding belt's surface,leading to the co-disposal of soil during the cleaning process,which can result in the generation of fugitive dust or the accumulation on the equipment.On the other hand,the vertical rotary straw cleaning utilizes a cutter shaft perpendicular to the seeding belt,making it more suitable for damp clay conditions due to the absence of longitudinal velocity components during the cleaning process.However,this design tends to carry straw back onto the seeding belt,thereby reducing the cleaning efficiency.To address these practical challenges,a fixed-angle straw cleaning approach for vertical rotary mechanisms and an electric-powered,self-propelled device for sowing wheat with rice straw was proposed.This system was designed to maintain a constant cleaning-teeth angle through structural analysis and design,thereby preventing straw from being reintroduced to the seedbed.Additionally,the determination of key structural parameters was based on the analysis of the soil cutting distance by the cleaning teeth.The key structure parameters of the cleaning-tooth device were determined through the analysis of the soil cutting distance.The analysis applied a three-factors and three-levels orthogonal test method.The experimental factors included the operation speed,the coefficient of trajectory distance,and the cut depth,while the experimental evaluation indexes were the straw cleaning rate and power consumption per unit area.This process tested and optimized the relevant parameters that affected the working performance of the straw cleaning device.When the parameters consisted of operation speed ranging from 4 km/h to 8 km/h,the coefficient of trajectory distance of 2,and the cut depth of 10 mm,the straw cleaning rate was not less than 89.7%and the power consumption per unit area was not more than 1.84 W·h/m^(2).Notably,there was no soil adhesion throughout the entire experiment.These research findings had the potential to transcend the limitations of sowing equipment operation in moist clay environments,thereby providing vital technical support for the mechanization development of rice-wheat rotation.