中华古都营城智慧的创新探索——北京老城总体城市设计的实践与思考

INNOVATIVE EXPLORATION OF WISDOM IN CONSTRUCTING ANCIENT CHINESE CAPITALS:PRACTICES AND REFLECTIONS ON THE INTEGRATED URBAN DESIGN OF BEIJING’S OLD CITY

北京老城是东方古都的杰出代表,北京向来重视历史文化的传承,但在现代化进程中,古都历史文化保护仍然面临来自社会、经济、城市定位及交通方式变化等诸方面的压力和挑战。针对东方古都的杰出代表——北京老城,设计通过对北京老城东方营城智慧挖掘探索的研究主线,强调中轴线统领作用的“一轴带两翼”总体布局。在保护与发展并重的规划引导下,设计凝练了北京老城何以杰出的营城智慧——山水格局的自然调和、都城规制的礼制大成、理想城市的市井生活,揭示了北京老城历史传承的重大价值。在此基础上,通过传统城市设计与数字化城市设计技术方法的综合运用,设计进一步诠释了北京老城形态构成的内在规律特征,形成了“营城八法”的北京老城空间解析及价值体系,并最终指导了北京老城空间形态及环境的设计营造。

Beijing’s old city is a typical ancient capital in China.Throughout history,Beijing has attached great importance to protecting its historical and cultural heritage.Nonetheless,in the process of modernization,the ancient capital’s historical and cultural protection is still facing pressures and challenges from various aspects,including society,economy,city’s positioning,and changes in transportation modes.With regard to Beijing’s old city,an oriental ancient capital,its urban design emphasizes the overall layout of“One Axis with Two Wings”,where the central axis plays a leading role,through exploring the wisdom in urban construction.Emphasizing equally on protection and development,the design summarizes the wisdom in old city construction‒natural harmony of the landscape,planning principles for the capital city,and street life in an ideal city‒and reveals the great value of the historical inheritance.On this basis,through the comprehensive application of traditional urban design and digital urban design technologies,the design further interprets the underlying principles and characteristics of the old city’s morphological composition.This leads to the formation of a spatial analysis and value system for the old city based on the Eight Construction Methods,guiding the design and creation of the old city’s spatial form and environment.