面向碳中和的自行车出行战略及规划设计研究——基于4个国际大城市的实践解析

URBAN CYCLE TRAVEL STRATEGY AND RELATED PLANNING AND DESIGN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CARBON NEUTRALITY:A CASE STUDY OF FOUR INTERNATIONAL METROPOLISES

由于自行车消耗不可再生能源有限,碳排放为零,国际大城市将其纳入日常出行的主要交通方式,积极应对日常出行的碳减排问题,先后制定自行车出行战略与规划、自行车指南或标准,通过优化街道空间环境、培养出行习惯,使得自行车在中短途、甚至长途出行中发挥重要作用。选取哥本哈根、巴黎、纽约、伦敦4个国际大城市作为自行车交通发展与规划设计的代表,解析国际大城市自行车出行战略及目标、核心内容、实施监测与评估,从自行车道、交叉口、停车设施及标识等方面解析自行车出行设计指南或标准。从明确面向碳中和的自行车发展目标、构建自行车发展框架及指南、提升自行车在地区通勤中的作用、培养自行车出行偏好4个方面提出相应建议。

Given that travel by bicycles consumes minimal non-renewable energy and produces zero carbon emissions,cities all over the world have increasingly adopted bicycles as a main mode for transport in daily travel,and successively formulated cycle travel strategies and plans as well as design guidelines or standards.A variety of measures,such as optimizing the street environment and fostering travellers’habits,enable bicycles to play an important role in short-,medium-,and even long-distance travels.With Copenhagen,Paris,New York,and London as exemplars in the field of cycle transport development and planning,this paper analyzes the practice of these metropolises in terms of the strategies and objectives,core content,and implementation monitoring and evaluation of cycle travel.Meanwhile,the paper examines the cycle travel design guidelines or standards in relation to cycle paths and intersections,as well as parking facilities and signs.Furthermore,the paper puts forward corresponding suggestions from four aspects:clarifying the development goals of urban cycle travel with a view to achieving carbon neutrality,establishing frameworks and related guidelines for the development of cycle travel,promoting the use of bicycles for regional commuting,and fostering travellers’preference for the use of bicycles.