传统聚落中的资源共享、治理模式及现代重构——以芋头侗寨为例

RESOURCE SHARING AND GOVERNANCE MODE IN TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENTS AND ITS REDEVELOPMENT IN MODERN TIMES:A CASE OF YUTOU DONG VILLAGES

为了追溯人类聚落中“共享”活动的源流,以湘西芋头侗寨为典型案例,对传统聚落中资源共享的治理模式进行解析。首先,从“经济互惠”“社群合作”和“空间营建”角度,相关文献指出共享活动是传统文化基因的重要组成部分;其次,芋头侗寨的案例揭示了传统聚落中共享行为的动因机制、资源类型及相关制度的建立与维护;再次,传统社群中的共享必须依托有效的“共享制度”设计和供给,形成明确的“正负向激励机制”,才能成功构建并维系社群的“共享文化”。最后,原生共享文化可以通过嵌入式、搭接式和传承式现代重构,发掘传统聚落的地方治理和传承智慧,构建“共建共治共享”的现代乡村治理格局。

To trace the origin of the activity of“sharing”in traditional human settlements,this paper takes Yutou Dong villages in western Hunan Province as a typical case to analyze the governance mode of resource sharing in traditional settlements.The findings are as follows:first,from the perspectives of“economic reciprocity”,“community cooperation”,and“space building”,it is pointed out in the relevant literature that the activity of sharing is an important part of traditional cultural genes;second,the case of Yutou Dong villages reveals the motivation mechanism,resource type,and the establishment and maintenance of relevant institutions of sharing behavior in traditional settlements;third,the“sharing culture”of traditional communities can only be built and maintained by relying on the design and supply of an effective“sharing system”and the formation of a clear“positive/negative incentive mechanism”.Finally,the native sharing culture can be redeveloped in modern times by means of embedding,overlapping,and inheritance,which can be used to explore the local governance and inheritance wisdom of traditional settlements,and build a rural governance pattern of“co-construction,co-governance,and sharing”.