雅鲁藏布江支流湘曲湘河鱼道声驱鱼效果初探

A preliminary study on the acoustic deterrence system at Xianghe fishway in Xiang River,a tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River

为探求野外场景下利用声驱鱼技术能否提高鱼道进口的通过数量,本研究在雅鲁藏布江支流湘曲湘河鱼道进口2~#上游的河道布置水下扬声器并24 h循环播放捕食者的声音(扬子鳄吼叫声),利用PIT遥测系统对湘河水利枢纽的过鱼对象:拉萨裸裂尻鱼、双须叶须鱼和斯氏高原鳅的负趋音行为进行监测。为考虑监测过程中水文情势和环境因子变化对负趋音行为的影响,实验通过构建耦合多因素的Logistic回归模型,采用AIC模型准则筛选最优模型,并识别影响鱼类负趋音行为的关键因素。结果显示:(1)实验组进入鱼道的数量显著高于对照组;(2)声音和鱼道流量是影响鱼道进口通过率的关键因素;(3)声音开启后,拉萨裸裂尻鱼和双须叶须鱼的鱼道进口通过率显著高于斯氏高原鳅;(4)监测期间2~#鱼道进口流量在0.81~1.32 m~3/s的区间内变化,在此区间内鱼道流量和鱼道进口通过率之间呈负相关趋势(P=0.007),当鱼道流量过高时,鱼道进口通过率会随鱼道流量的增加而降低。研究表明,声驱鱼技术在实际工程应用中能在一定程度上阻止鱼类进入电站尾水等危险区域并增加鱼类进入鱼道的概率。本研究可为声驱鱼技术在鱼道工程的应用和湘河水利枢纽过鱼设施的优化设计提供依据和参考。

Acoustic deterrence system(ADS)are pivotal for fish attraction and protection,holding considerable value in fish conservation efforts.Despite this,Chinese research on ADS has predominantly centered on identify-ing sounds sensitive to fish in laboratory settings,with a dearth of practical engineering studies.This study aimed to determine if sound-driven fish technology could augment fish passage in field conditions.Underwater speakers were strategically positioned at upstream river channel near the entrance of fishway 2#in the Xianghe River,a Yarlung Zangbo River tributary,broadcasting alligator sinensis predator sounds(Alligator sinensis)on a continu-ous 24-hour loop.The negative phonotaxis behavior of target fish species(Schizopygopsis younghusbandi;Ptycho-barbus dipogon and Triplophysa stoliczkai)was monitored as they traversed the Xianghe River's hydrological hub,employing a Passive Integrated Transponder(PIT)system.To account for the influence of hydrological and envir-onmental factors on this behavior,a multiple-factor logistic regression model was developed.The optimal model was selected based on Akaike Information Criterion(AIC),pinpointing the critical factors influencing fish negat-ive phonotaxis.Findings indicated that:①the experimental group's fishway entry rate significantly exceeded that of the control group(P<0.05);②sound exposure and the discharge at fishway entrance 2#were pivotal in affect-ing fishway passage rate(P<0.05);③post-sound activation,the entry rates for S.younghusbandi and P.dipogon markedly surpassed that of T.stoliczkai(P<0.05);④during the study,the flow rate at the fishway entrance 2#between 0.81-1.32 m3/s,with a negative correlation observed between flow rate and fishway passage rate(P=0.007).Excessive flow rate were found to diminish fishway passage rates.decreased with the increase of fish-way flow rate.This research demonstrates that ADS can deter fish from hazardous zones like power station tailwa-ters while enhancing the likelihood of fish entering fishways in practical engineering applications.This study seeks to offer scientific foundation and reference for the engineering implementation of ADS and the refinement of eco-logical dispatching at hydroelectric stations.