自然资源资产产权制度促进共同富裕的理论机制与实践路径

Theoretical mechanisms and practical paths of natural resource assets property rights system promoting common prosperity

生态文明建设与实现共同富裕是中国的两项重大发展战略,在生态文明建设背景下实现共同富裕,关键在于进行自然资源资产产权制度改革。该研究采用功能分析法和跨学科分析法对自然资源资产产权制度的功能进行定性分析,采用案例法对自然资源资产产权制度促进共同富裕进行实证分析。结果表明:①自然资源资产产权制度具有4项基本功能(市场化、资本化、资源配置、生态化)。②在利用自然资源实现共同富裕的过程中,自然资源资产产权制度的市场化功能可以让自然资源转变为自然资产,资本化功能可以让自然资产转变为自然资本,资源配置功能可以让自然资源得到最优配置,生态化功能可以让自然资源保值增值,从而实现生态文明建设与共同富裕的双赢。③自然资源单要素不会实现共同富裕,利用自然资源实现共同富裕实际上是自然资源管理体制和产权制度的变革促成了共同富裕。政策启示为:①在完善产权制度方面,要在全要素生产率背景下完善中国自然资源资产产权制度。②在处理政府和市场的关系中,应当根据不同的资源分类相应地就市场配置和政府引导作出科学界分,让市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用。③在维护市场交易秩序中,要运用《中华人民共和国民法典》对自然资源资产产权交易进行保护。

The construction of ecological civilization and the realization of common prosperity are two major development strategies in China.In the context of ecological civilization construction,it is essential to achieve common prosperity through reforming the natural resource assets property rights system.This article qualitatively analyzes the functions of the natural resource assets property rights system by adopting the methods of functional analysis and interdisciplinary analysis and empirically analyzes its associated logic with the common prosperity by using the case analysis method.The results indicate that:①There are four basic functions(marketization,capitalization,resource allocation,and ecologicalization)in the natural resource assets property rights system.②In the process of utilizing natural resources to achieve common prosperity,the marketization function of the natural resource assets property rights system can transform natural resources into natural assets;the capitalization function can transform natural assets into natural capital;the resource allocation function can optimize the allocation of natural resources;and the ecologicalization function can preserve and increase the value of natural resources,thus achieving a win-win situation between ecological civilization construction and common prosperity.③Common prosperity cannot be achieved alone by utilizing natural resources;the achievement of common prosperity by utilizing natural resources is actually the result of the reform of the natural resources system and the property rights system.The policy implications of this study include:①In terms of perfecting the property rights system,China′s natural resource assets property rights system should be improved in the context of total factor productivity.②In dealing with the relationship between the government and the market,we should make scientific distinctions between market allocation and government guidance according to different types of resource classification,making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation.③In maintaining the order of market transactions,the Civil Code should be used to protect the transactions of natural resource assets property rights.